Osha s Influence On Human Capital Management - 1364 Words

OSHA’s Influence on Human Capital Management A part of doing good business is making sure your employees are safe at work. The Occupational Safety and Health (OSHA) Act was implemented to provide a safe and healthy work environment. According to Snell et. al, â€Å"OSHA’s mission is to assure the safety and health of America’s workers by settling and enforcing standards through training, education, and outreach† (p.458). Implementing this safety act has decreased the number of fatalities in the workplace resulting from loss of work and injuries. Although, a number of fatal work injuries occur within the industrial and manufacturing industry, often times many other industries witness OSHA. History Before OSHA was passed congress stressed the importance of implementing health and safety laws. In 1968, President Lyndon Johnson brought congress together to discuss job safety and health programs for American workers. President Johnson stated, â€Å"It is unacceptable for a modern industrial nation like the United States to not have tougher regulations aimed at reducing the rate of workers injured or killed on the job† (AllGov). Unfortunately, President Johnson was unable to persuade congress to pass such legislation. This task was soon left in the hands of President Richard Nixon, who later passed the Occupational Safety and Health Act in 1970. Later in 1971, the Department of Labor acknowledge this act as OSHA. By 1972, the training institute was established to educate complianceShow MoreRelatedLabor Law and Human Capital1206 Words   |  5 PagesLaw and Human Capital Management Patti L. Jolicoeur Human Resource Management in the 21st Century HRM5004 – u03a1 October 30, 2010 Theresa Pavone Abstract There are many laws and regulations affecting HR Professionals and labor in the workplace. The U.S. Department of Labor oversees these and ensures organizational compliance. The relationship of labor laws and human capital management is a balance of analyzing workforce strengths and vulnerabilities and risk management to supportRead More Human Resource Management at Delphi Essay example2516 Words   |  11 PagesHuman Resource Management at Delphi Human Resource Management is the utilization of human resources to achieve organizational objectives. Various studies have concluded that an organization?s human resources is its people. It can be a significant source of competitive advantage. Achieving competitive success through people requires a fundamental change in how managers think about an organization workforce and how they view the work relationship. Its a new approach within the frameworkRead MoreRisk Management Failures of British Petroleum2022 Words   |  9 PagesBP is a British global energy company which is the third largest energy company and the fourth largest company in the world. As a multinational oil company, BP is the UK s largest corporation, with its headquarters in St James s, City of Westminster, London. BP America s headquarters is in the One Westlake Park in the Energy Corridor area of Houston, Texas; the company is among the largest private sector energy corporations in the world, and one of the six leaders. In order to project socialRead MoreThe Role Of Hr Manager Serving As A Strategic Business Partner3200 Words   |  13 Pagesfacing, an HR plan will be created. This plan will provide an explanation and the importance of the role of the HR manager serving as a strategic business partner. Next, an assessment of what HR policies, procedures and practices are and how they influence a business will be made. Afterwards a brief but detailed description of the major disciplines of HR managers will be conducted. To tackle the problems ABC Technology Company is experiencing currently, staffing and recruitment policies, which willRead MoreRise Of The U.s. Labor Movement2033 Words   |  9 Pageshistory of the labor movement in the United States from the Industrial Revolution will allow for a better understanding of the purpose of the labor movement. Incorporating how the following theories: The Mainstream Economics School, The Human Resource Management School, The Industrial Relations School , and The Critical Industrial Relations School the labor issues in the early periods will allow future organizations to address issues in a more precise manner. Background The labor relations movementRead MoreEthics and Corporate Responsibility in the Workplace and the World2008 Words   |  9 Pagesfinancial reports, changes in senior management, and product delays. Management is liable to shareholders, owners, and partners (Dukkha, 2009). Creditors PharmaCARE’s creditors assist by providing capital for cash shortfalls and financing operation and business expansions. 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And then, choose an organization as I selected Cathay Pacific, to describe the elements that may exist in Cathay’s general environment. Through the above findings, better knowledge about general environment in management point of view will be learned. Such as what is general environment; what is the relationship between general environment and an organization; what challenges that general environment provides for managers; what kinds of general environment thatRead MoreBUS 475 Sample Final Exam4943 Words   |  20 Pagesis not appropriate to convert to US $ 6. Which list below best describes the major services performed by public accountants? a.  Bookkeeping, mergers, and budgets b.  Employee training, auditing, and bookkeeping c.  Auditing, taxation, management consulting d.  Cost accounting, production scheduling, recruiting 7. Jaime Inc. manufactures 2 products, sweaters and jackets. The company has estimated its overhead in the order-processing department to be $180,000. The company produces 50Read MoreBus 4756130 Words   |  25 Pagesfoundations Income statement and statement of retained earnings Balance sheet Statement of cash flows Managerial accounting Cost concepts Product costing systems Activities-based costing Cost, volume, and profit analysis Budgeting (except capital budgeting covered under finance) Standard costing Nonroutine decision making International accounting* 1. Which of the following is NOT an element of manufacturing overhead? a. 1 Factory employee’s

Fashion in the 20th Century Essay - 1213 Words

Fashion is said to be evolutionary and not revolutionary. This was not true in the 20th century. Fashion revolutionized America and the rest of the world during this time period. Also, during this time period fashion evolved tremendously. New fabrics and innovations were introduced to America. When World War I came about, people had to sacrifice their clothing for the men at war and they dressed more conservative. Christian Dior changed all of that when he came out with the New Look. This look consisted of draped gowns with a lot of fabric being used. What Christian Dior was basically saying was that we should not have to sacrifice how we dress. In the 20th century, new synthetic fibers were invented, making new fabrics come to life like†¦show more content†¦Common designs were long, ethnic influenced tunics with a skirt and waist sash, and horizontal layered appearance in skirt or vertical wrap effect on tailored jacket-and-skirt sets and dresses. Rayon was invented and use d. Also used were medium to heavy weight fabrics like serge and gabardine seen in tailored daywear. In the evening, chiffon and crepes were used. Chanel used denim as leisure fabric in this period. Solids or small figured prints were worn for daywear and in the evening people wore brighter, varied colors and larger, exotic prints. Poiret was well-known for his vibrant hues. Feathers, furs, and tassels donned for the new mystique look of fashion. The roaring 20s consisted of a body outline that was very straight and curveless with streamlines, close-fitting hats and hairstyles. Skirt hemlines were raised between the knee and mid-calf for day and eveningwear. Eveningwear consisted of a sleeveless barrel-shape with great amounts of beading and also unusual streamlined drapes, or emphasis of the lowered waistline by a wide band of shirring or smocking. The hemline dropped back to the ankles when the stock market crashed in 1929. Acetate was invented and the development of bias-cutting f abric by Madeleine Vionnet was introduced in this era. For the first time in centuries, the natural, though slim, silhouette became in style in the 1930s. Shoulders were emphasized by puffs or padding, especially towards World War II. Unusually cut andShow MoreRelatedEssay about Fashion In The 20th Century1205 Words   |  5 PagesFashion In The 20th Century Fashion is said to be evolutionary and not revolutionary. This was not true in the 20th century. Fashion revolutionized America and the rest of the world during this time period. Also, during this time period fashion evolved tremendously. New fabrics and innovations were introduced to America. When World War I came about, people had to sacrifice their clothing for the men at war and they dressed more conservative. Christian Dior changed all of that when he came outRead MoreChinas Fast Entry into the Fashion World after the 20th Century1825 Words   |  7 PagesChina’s fast entry into Fashion World after the 20th Century The dawn of the 20th century brought in many challenges in China such as cultural, political, economic, and social. The social changes increased its push after the 1911 revolution which caused in the passing of the Qing Empire. Social improvement led to amendment in dress codes as well. The head shaving and queue (long plait) men had been compulsory to wear, to validate their subservience, gradually vanished. The practice of foot compulsoryRead MoreTraveling Around the Fashion Trends of Women: 20th - 21st Century1428 Words   |  6 PagesThe word fashion trends mean a change of clothing style. The first fashion capital of the world was Paris, France. The ‘Belle Epoque’ was the very first fashion trend. In the early 20th century, women had a conservative figure to concentrate on their body figure. A new style was born in the roaring 20’s, was brought the beginning of modern fashion. The roaring 20’s was known for the flapper skirts, gathered skirts, pleate d skirts, higher hemlines, and low-cut necklines. The era of the Great DepressionRead MorePrejudice and the Canadian Fashion Industry888 Words   |  4 Pagesknow there was any Canadian fashionÂ… This comment was given by a member of the British press after receiving an invitation to a Canadian fashion show in London in 1983, but it could well have been the retort of almost any ordinary citizen of Canada in the late 20th century. In fact, only recently have Canadians started trusting and recognizing Canadas fashion industry and designers. Because of a lack of confidence from the Canadian public, the Canadian fashion industry often went unnoticedRead MoreWomen Today Compared With Women Of The 18th Century Essay639 Words   |  3 PagesWomen vs. Women Women in the 18th century are similar yet different from the women of today. In the time era of the 1800’s appearance was very essential to women as it is in the present times. Fashion, skin care, and mouth hygiene was and is the three most important forms of appearance and hygiene. Firstly, Fashion in the 1800’s consisted of high-necked, long sleeve dresses with a corset underneath. A Corset is a lace-up shirt generally bought one or two inches smaller than the woman’ waistRead MoreHarpers Bazar As A Fashion Illustration Essay1001 Words   |  5 Pagesanalysis is a fashion illustration from the 20th century called La Cage Improvisà ©e. It was used as the cover for the July 1922 magazine publication of Harper’s Bazar. The cover illustration was accompanied by the title, the year of the publication, and the price of the magazine. â€Å"Bazar assembles photographers, designers, artists and writers to deliver perspectives into the world of fashion and popular culture on a monthly basis† (Georgievska 1). At the beginning of the 20th century Harper’s BazarRead MoreSocial Factors That Changed The World1366 Words   |  6 Pagesmore people are seen being involved in popular fashion trends and expressing themselves in ways they ple ase because of the affordability. The sharply angled Vidal Sassoon hair style where women cut their hair shorter and styled it in an angular way. This decade also started the trend of people wanting to look skinnier. Designers preferred models looked younger, thinner, and had longer legs. Social factors occurring at the time also effected fashion and helped represent people’s beliefs. Andrà © Courrà ¨geRead MoreAnalyse Coco Chanels Philosophy Essay1460 Words   |  6 PagesShe began to sing at cafà © concerts. The popular songs oh hers was ’’Qui qu’a vu Coco’’, so she acquired the nickname’’ Coco’’. She got her start in hats and she wasn’t afraid to be her own model. According to Khurana, Coco said ‘’I don’t do fashion, I’m fashion’’. Etienne Balsan, her first love who gave her the opportunity to into a higher social life. For this reason, she met Arthur Capel, known as ‘’ Boy ’’ and became his mistress. Capel fascinated with the talent and the personality of Coco, thereforeRead MoreThe Victorian Era Of Fashion1286 Words   |  6 PagesThe Victorian Era of fashion was worn between 1837 and 1901, and was named after Britain’s Queen Victoria. During this era women had very little power or influence, but had a huge passion for fashion. Popular women s figure was hourglass and thus resulted in the popularity of corsets and widened and flounced skirts. Corsets emphasized the waist and â€Å"though criticized as unhealthy, and certainly uncomfortable, corsets were a fashion staple throughout the 19th century granting women social statusRead MoreWomens Liberation in the 1920s Essay example1652 Words   |  7 Pagesclassroom. Initially, society had thought that a higher education made a young woman unfit for marriage and motherhood. But, by the late 19th century several single-gender colleges for women such as Bryn Mawr and Wellesley had emerged, as well as several state universities that allowed women to enroll in their degree programs. At the beginning of the 20th century, most colleges had become coeducational. More and more women were breaking out of the mold that had held them in the domestic sphere for so

Disabled Students With Their Special Education - 887 Words

Another form of discrimination that is occurring in society is disabled people who are not receiving the necessary benefits. For instance, most of the disabled individuals do not receive equal benefits because they do not have a job. Most do not have access to medical or insurance because they do not have a job in which they can support themselves. This kind of discrimination and treatment creates disabled people to have feelings of anger and sadness as they are not being protected and their rights are violated. Society characterizes disabled people as not being normal because of their physical or emotional disability. Another form of discrimination that is occurring is how disabled students are not receiving the education and support they need. Today there is not enough teachers who are willing to help disabled students with their special education. Also, budget cuts are currently affecting public schools and instead of investing that money for special education, 85% of the budget i s spent on salaries and the benefits of the employees. This not only is affecting the disabled students, but also there are not available resources to support them. Although disabled students are discriminated there are some great resources that are available to them. On the other hand, handy cap students that come from low- income families have an advantage of receiving free education and transportation. Having access to equal employment opportunities in the U. S. is a dream that severalShow MoreRelatedThe Inclusion of Children with Special Needs in a Normal Classroom972 Words   |  4 PagesCurrently, children with special needs are educated in a designated classroom or included into a general classroom. Inclusion is educating special-needs students in a classroom with non-special needs students. Debate about inclusion or separate classrooms for children with disabilities has been a topic of discussion in the educational school setting for decades. Supporters of inclusion believe special-needs students, teachers, and non-disabled students do better academically and socially in a diverseRead MoreChildren With Special Needs Should Spend Most Of The Time With Non Disabled Kids1643 Words   |  7 PagesAkhmadullina 1 Children with special needs should spend most of the time with non disabled kids Children with special needs are slightly different from non disabled kids, but it should not be a barrier between non disabled kid and child with disabilities. Special needs cover a wide range. Some are a children with physical disability who use wheelchair or cane. Other with learning disabilities such as autism spectrum disorder or emotional disorder. 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Special needs covers a wide range. Some children with physical disabilities use wheelchair, or cane while other children with learning disabilities such as, autism, or emotional disorder. Children with special needs are like all childrenRead MoreThe Education For All Handicapped Children Act (Eha) Had957 Words   |  4 PagesThe Education for all Handicapped Children Act (EHA) had an overall goal of desegregating disabled children in schools, as well as work on integrating them in classrooms with their non-disabled peers. Until the Civil Rights Movement, not much attention was brought to the fact that children with disabilities had very little rights and were kept isolated and not given a proper education, if any at all. Because of the attention brought to the poor and unjust treatment of children w ith disabilities andRead MoreThe Individuals With Disabilities Education Act Orders1729 Words   |  7 PagesDisabilities Education Act orders all states to give disabled students a free and appropriate education. Many schools in the United States mainstream disabled students and have succeeded in properly educating them, along with creating a safe environment where they are socially comfortable and accepted. However, there are too many incidents where teachers improperly handle these students and administrators do not give enough money to fund adequate supplies for these students. Although disabled students gainRead MoreEqual Education for Special Needs Children931 Words   |  4 PagesAll students deserve to receive the proper help to get the education they desire. There shouldn’t be any separation between some students that have physical, mental, emotional, or no problem at all. There are children with variations of disabilities. The children with severe disabilities may not be able to get the equal education because it takes more effort than the ones with low levels of disability. As for the low-mild disabled children, they could be included in the classrooms with children thatRead MoreInclusion of Students with Learning Disabilities Essay1618 Words   |  7 Pagescontroversy, in the classroom and also in Congress. According to The Cyclopedic Education Dictionary, inclusion can be defined in two ways: one, inclusion can be defined as the placement of disabled children in a general classroom setting for the entire school day and two, inclusion can be defined as the placement of disabled students into a general classroom setting for part of the day while they are placed in a special setting during the other part of the day (Spafford and Grosser, 1998). 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The first and foremost of these is, what is ultimately, â€Å"the right thing to do.† While we may or may not agree on the answer to this question, as well as those that follow, many advances have been made in our society to deal with disabled individuals in the most humane and ethical way possible. What is the

Capital Budgeting Techniques and Sensitivity

Questions: 1. Explanation of Concepts Associated with Capital Budgeting Techniques? 2. Similarities and Differences between Capital Asset Pricing Model and Capital Market Line? Answers: 1. Sensitivity Analysis A sensitivity analysis is a technique used to determine how different values of an independent variable affect a particular dependent variable under a given set of assumptions. This technique is used within specific boundaries that depend on one or more input variables, such as the effect that changes in interest rates have on bond prices. The sensitivity analysis is based on the variables affecting valuation, which a financial model can depict using the variables' price and EPS (Ai, Croce and Li 2013). The sensitivity analysis isolates these variables and then records the range of possible outcomes. A scenario analysis, on the other hand, is based on a scenario.The NPV of the project is recalculated underthese different assumptions. This method of recalculating the NPV or IRR, by changing each forecast is called sensitivity analysis. Sensitivity analysis is a way of analyzing change in the projects NPV (or IRR) for a given change in one of the variables. It indicates how sensitive a projects NPV (or IRR) is to changes in particular variables. The more sensitive the NPV, the more critical is the variable. The following three steps are involved in the use of sensitivity analysis: Identification of all those variables, which have an influence on the projects NPV (orIRR) Definition of the underlying (mathematical) relationship between the variables A whole range of questions can be answered with the help of sensitivity analysis. It examines the sensitivity of the variables underlying the computation of the NPV or IRR, rather than attempting to quantify risk (Borgonovo and Plischke 2016). It canbe applied to any variable, which is aninput for the after-tax cash flows. Before proceeding to sensitivity analysis, it is necessary to have knowledge about some term. Sensitivity analysis needs to be realized in a systematic manner. To meet the above purposes, the following steps are recommended to be followed: 1.Identify key variables to which the project decision may be sensitive 2.Calculate the effect of likely changes in these variables on the base-case IRR or NPV, and calculate a sensitivity indicator and/or switching value 3.Consider possible combinations of variables that may change simultaneously in an adverse direction 4.Analyze the direction and scale of likely changes for the key variables identified, involving identification of the sources of change (Fujimori et al. 2014). Scenario Analysis Scenario analysis can be thought of as performing multiple sensitivity analyses at the same time. Investors conducting this type of analysis will look at the variables that affect a company's bottom line and use them to plan accordingly. For example, investors considering purchasing a company will want to understand the cash flow of the business. This is more than just considering revenue and expenses (Gospodinov, Kan and Robotti, 2014). Expenses can manifest themselves in a number of ways including wages, pensions, benefits, costs associated with production, and so forth. By changing a combination of these factors, investors can get a feel for a number of different scenarios. Scenario analysis is a method of predicting future values of portfolio investments based on potential events. This process is also used in company operations outside of the investment world. Most managers perform scenario analysis in their business decision-making process to determine the best course of action to take the organization to maximize profits (best-case scenario). They also use this technique to examine the worst possible solution (worst-case scenario) and anticipate potential losses and operational problems (Kuehn, Simutin and Wang 2016). Management also uses this process when launching a new product to avoid cannibalization of existing product sales. Net present value(NPV) is the difference between thepresent valueof cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows. With the help of scenario analysis, NPV compares the value of a dollar today to the value of that same dollar in the future, taking inflation and returns into account. NPV analysis is sensitive to the reliability of future cash inflows that an investment or project will yield. This is used in capital budgeting to assess the profitability of an investment or project (Lee and Su 2014). Scenario analysis is an extension of sensitivity analysis with the difference being that the former evaluates the impact on the project cash flows (and ultimately NPV and IRR) of changing more than one uncertain variable at a time. A common approach with scenario analysis is to calculate the NPV and IRR using the conventional method and assumptions. This is referred to as the base case. Thereafter, a best case and worst case are indicated, at which the values of the flexed variables are calculated. From this, we can establish the values of the project cash flows, NPV and IRR for each scenario. Capitalbudgetingis, by definition,forwardlooking. When dealing with expected resources and demands, uncertainty is a major factor. Sensitivity analysis is a statistical tool that determines how consequential deviations from theexpected valueoccur (Mnster et al. 2014). Sensitivity Analysis deals with finding out the amount by which we can change the input data for the output of our linear programming model to remain comparatively unchanged. Sensitivity Analysis in Capital Budgeting seeks to identify the effect of changes in one variable, e.g. Life of the Project, Cost of Capital, Project size, etc on the Net Present Value or Internal Rate of Return by keeping all other variables constant. It is a study, which determines how changes or errors in the values of parameters affect the output of a model. Scenario Analysis is evaluation of Net Present Value or Internal Rate of Return of a Project under series of specific scenarios, based on macro economic factors, industry and firm specific factors (Rangvid, Santa-Clara and Schmeling, 2016). 2. Capital Asset Pricing Model The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is a model that describes the relationship between systematic risk andexpected returnfor assets, particularly stocks. CAPM is widely used throughout finance for the pricing of riskysecurities, generating expected returns for assets given the risk of those assets and calculating costs of capital. The CAPM model says that the expected return of a security or aportfolioequals the rate on a risk-free security plus arisk premium. If this expected return does not meet or beat the required return, then the investment should not be undertaken (Tian 2013). Thesecurity market lineplots the results of the CAPM for all different risks (betas). The capital market line (CML) appears in thecapital asset pricing modelto depict therates of returnfor efficient portfolios subject to the risk level (standard deviation) for a market portfolio and therisk-free rate of return. With its insight into the financial markets pricing of securities and the determination of e xpected returns, CAPM has clear applications in investment management. Its use in this field has advanced to a level of sophistication far beyond the scope of this introductory exposition. The capital asset pricing model (CAPM)proves that themarket portfoliois the efficient frontier. It is the intersection between returns from risk-free investments and returns from the total market (Zabarankin, Pavlikov and Uryasev, 2014). Thecapital market line (CML)represents this. The capital asset pricing model determines the fair price of investments. Once thefair valueis determined, it is compared to themarket price. A stock is a good buy if the estimated price is higher than the market price. However, if the price is lower than the market price, the stock is not a good buy. In the CAPM, the securities are priced, so the expected risks counterbalance the expected returns. There are two components needed to generate a CAPM and CML. The capital market line conveys the return of an investor for a portfolio. The capital market line assumes that all investors can own market portfolios. Capital market line and CAPM formula Let (M, rM) denote the point corresponding to the market portfo lio M. All portfolios chosen by a rational investor will have a point (, r) that lies on the so-called capital market line r = rf + rM rf M , (1) The CML is considered superior to the efficient frontier1 since it takes into account the inclusion of a risk-free asset in the portfolio. The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) demonstrates that the market portfolio is essentially the efficient frontier. This is achieved visually through the security market line (SML) (Tian 2013). Capital Market Line The capital market line is created by sketching a tangent line from the intercept point on theefficient frontierto the place where theexpected returnon a holding equals therisk-free rateof return. However, the CML is better than theefficient frontierbecause it considers the infusion of arisk-free assetin the market portfolio. When analyzing a portfolio, the CML is preferred over such analysis as the efficient frontier, because the CML takes into account the risk-free assets that are included in the portfolio (Zabarankin, Pavlikov and Uryasev, 2014).The steeper the slope of the CML, the more the expected return must change for each unit of change in the standard deviation. CML analysis is one of the many ways investors allocate their investment portfolios to achieve the maximum amount of expected return for the minimum amount of risk. The CML is a line that is used to show the rates of return, which depends on risk-free rates of return and levels of risk for a specific portfolio.The C ML is a line that is used to show the rates of return, which depends on risk-free rates of return and levels of risk for a specific portfolio. CML is the efficient frontier after the risk free asset has been added to the minimum variance portfolios (the curvy line), of which the most important risky (i.e., all risk assets) is the Market portfolio (b/c it has the highest Sharpe ratio) (Ai, Croce and Li 2013).CML has total risk (volatility) on the X-axis. In the context of thecapital market line (CML), the market portfolio consists of the combination of all risky assets and the risk-free asset, using market value of the assets to determine the weights. The CML line is derived by the CAPM, solving for expected return at various levels of risk. The CML results from the combination of the market portfolio and the risk-free asset (the point L). All points along the CML have superior risk-return profiles to any portfolio on theefficient frontier, with the exception of the Market Portfolio, the point on the efficient frontier to which the CML is the tangent. From a CML perspective, the portfolioMis composed entirely of the risky as set, the market, and has no holding of the risk free asset, i.e., money is neither invested in, nor borrowed from the money market account (Ai, Croce and Li 2013). The CML provides a risk return relationship and a measure of risk for efficient portfolios. The appropriate measure of risk for an efficient portfolio is the standard deviation of return of the portfolio. There is a linear relationship between the risk as measured by the standard deviation and the expected return for these efficient portfolios. With CML, CAPM can be used to identify underpriced and overpriced securities (Gospodinov, Kan and Robotti, 2014). If the expected return on a security calculated according to CAPM is lower than the actual or estimated return offered by that security, the security will be considered underpriced. On the contrary, a security will be considered to be overpriced when the expected return on the security according to CAPM formulation is higher than the actual return offered by the security. References Ai, H., Croce, M.M. and Li, K., 2013. Toward a quantitative general equilibrium asset pricing model with intangible capital.Review of Financial Studies,26(2), pp.491-530. Borgonovo, E. and Plischke, E., 2016. Sensitivity analysis: a review of recent advances.European Journal of Operational Research,248(3), pp.869-887. Fujimori, S., Kainuma, M., Masui, T., Hasegawa, T. and Dai, H., 2014. The effectiveness of energy service demand reduction: A scenario analysis of global climate change mitigation.Energy policy,75, pp.379-391. Gospodinov, N., Kan, R. and Robotti, C., 2014. Misspecification-robust inference in linear asset-pricing models with irrelevant risk factors.Review of Financial Studies,27(7), pp.2139-2170. Kuehn, L.A., Simutin, M. and Wang, J.J., 2016. A labor capital asset pricing model. Lee, M.C. and Su, L.E., 2014. Capital Market Line Based on Efficient Frontier of Portfolio with Borrowing and Lending Rate.Universal Journal of Accounting and Finance,2(4), pp.69-76. Mnster, J.G., Samuelsson, J., Kjeldsen, P., Rella, C.W. and Scheutz, C., 2014. Quantifying methane emission from fugitive sources by combining tracer release and downwind measurementsa sensitivity analysis based on multiple field surveys.Waste Management,34(8), pp.1416-1428. Rangvid, J., Santa-Clara, P. and Schmeling, M., 2016. Capital market integration and consumption risk sharing over the long run.Journal of International Economics,103, pp.27-43. Tian, W., 2013. A review of sensitivity analysis methods in building energy analysis.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,20, pp.411-419. Zabarankin, M., Pavlikov, K. and Uryasev, S., 2014. Capital asset pricing model (CAPM) with drawdown measure.European Journal of Operational Research,234(2), pp.508-517.