Social Class Within The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald

Social classes in The Great Gatsby In today’s society many things revolve around your social class, and is that the way things should be? How big of a house you live in, what type of clothes you wear, how much money you have, are all questions that come into effect in today’s world. In the novel The Great Gatsby the theme of social class comes into effect quite often. All of the characters constantly pretend to be someone they are not just trying to be noticed by society. The author F. Scott Fitzgerald uses two main different ways to show social stratification in the book. The first one the author uses is where they live, and how nice their neighborhood and houses are. The second and biggest example that is used is the amount of money each different group has. This essay will discuss how the book, The Great Gatsby uses the social issue of different social classes to show how much of an effect it can put on people. â€Å"Social class is a broad group of society having c ommon economic, cultural, or political status† (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/social+class). In today’s world there are four main different social classes, which are, the lower class, the working class, the middle class, and then the upper class. The lower class consists of the homeless, unemployed and people in poverty. The working class is those who a somewhat educated and engage in manual labor examples of this would be jobs such as: carpenters, plumbers, and electricians. Then the middle class isShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Jazz Age was an era where everything and anything seemed possible. It started with the beginning of a new age with America coming out of World War I as the most powerful nation in the world (Novel reflections on, 2007). As a result, the nation soon faced a culture-shock of material prosperity during the 1920’s. Also known as the â€Å"roaring twenties†, it was a time where life consisted of prodigality and extravagant parties. Writing based on his personal experiences, author F. ScottRead MoreEssay On Society In The Great Gatsby835 Words   |  4 Pagescreation of new job opportunities. Eventually, a more defined social class structure was established, bringing fluctuations in the distribution of wealth among different ranks in society. This period of time, known as the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†, is exhibited in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, who uses the characters in the novel to depict the conflict in American society. Gatsby, the central figure of the novel, represents the lower class and is followed as he attempts to achieve the benefits ofRead MoreThe Equality Myth Essays656 Words   |  3 PagesHubbard, Sociologist The Great Gatsby written by F. Scott Fitzgerald is as much a novel about social hierarchy as it is about class-consciousness. Throughout the novel we are bombarded with images of extravagant wealth and shuddering pauperism with the elite upper class using those around them as stepping-stones to their own selfish happiness. The novel makes a point to differentiate between classes within classes especially how the sociology of the wealthy differs within itself. The new millionairesRead More Destruction and Failure of a Generation in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby1413 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Gatsby and the Destruction of a Generation      Ã‚   The beauty and splendor of Gatsbys parties masks the decay and corruption that lay at the heart of the Roaring Twenties. The society of the Jazz Age, as observed by Fitzgerald, is morally bankrupt, and thus continually plagued by a crisis of character. Jay Gatsby, though he struggles to be a part of this world, remains unalterably an outsider. His life is a grand irony, in that it is a caricature of Twenties-style ostentation: his closetRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald890 Words   |  4 PagesThe Great Gatsby, we see evidence of the â€Å"Roaring 20s† in which it was set and the mindset of the author, F. Scott Fitzgerald when it was written in the 1950s. If we use this book as any indication of Fitzgerald’s thoughts we can see that he did not think very highly of women, especially within the upper class. All of the women in The Great Gatsby are either unpleasant, dishonest, or shallow. There are three female characters in The Great Gatsby; Daisy Buchanan, the love interest of Gatsby andRead MoreThe Colors of Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgeralds Famous Novel1640 Words   |  7 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald is famous for the detail with which he crafted the quintessential American novel, The Great Gatsby. With his well-chosen words, Fitzgerald painted a fantastic portrait of life during the Roaring Twenties in the minds of his readers, a picture rich with color and excitement. Four colors: green, gold, white, and gray played key roles in the symbolic demonstration of ideas and feelings which, woven together seamlessly, made The Great Gatsby a world-renowned work of literary geniusRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1229 Words   |  5 PagesSimrandeep Farma ENG3U1-02 Ms. Vitelli 1/10/2015 The Great Gatsby The roaring twenties was the period known for its exuberant, overwhelming and free pop culture of all time. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s, The Great Gatsby, represent the past historical modernization of a male subjugated social system. The Great Gatsby is a mysterious love tale, and a social interpretation towards the American Life. This story explores the journey for happiness and wealth through the American Dream, and shows howRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1621 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s were a time in American history that profoundly depicted social inequality, immorality, superficiality, and unrest. During this time period, the iconic story of F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, was written and published. In this revolutionary novel, F. Scott Fitzgerald revisits his fascinating childhood in a more fictitious manner. The Great Gatsby describes and details the life of a young man from Minnesota, known as Nick Carraway, who moves to New York after World W ar 1 during theRead MoreThe American Dream In The Great Gatsby1097 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald was one that was highly centralized around the American Dream. The American Dream is the belief that anyone can become successful in America if they worked hard enough. The dream did not discriminate anyone and that is why many people worked towards it. In the novel, it shows that not everyone was living the American Dream but were separated by the social classes of wealth, race, and intelligence. The 1920s in America was a roaringRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1412 Words   |  6 Pages Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby showcases the American society during the Roaring 1920s. During this time period many longed to be rich and become a member of the upper class. It became one’s dream to obtain good social standing rather than to achieve freedom and happiness. Fitzgerald creates characters, such as Daisy Buchanan and Jay Gatsby, who are more concerned with wealth than what truly makes them happy in life. Therefore, many perceive the theme of this novel

The Role Of The Nurse As Leading Health Promotion Within A...

Within this essay I aim to evaluate the role of the nurse in leading health promotion, with reference to The World Health Organisation’s â€Å"Health for All by the Year 2000† movement (WHO 1986a). I will also explore more recent strategies and initiatives such as The Quality Strategy (2010a) and The 2020 Vision (2011a) which underpin the significance of health promotion in present-day nursing practice. I have chosen to look specifically at the role of the nurse in promoting good physical health within a psychiatric setting. I will explore some of the key health issues which are common amongst patients within a mental health setting, such as weight gain, poor diet and exercise and discuss the importance of nurse lead health promotion within the psychiatric setting. I will identify the barriers to health promotion and discuss ways in which these may be overcome to ensure effective health promotion. The â€Å"Health for All by the Year 2000† movement was developed by The World Health Organisation with the aim to promote health and provide an improved quality of life worldwide (WHO 1986b). The World Health Organisation later developed a set of standards for delivering health promotion. These standards state that patient’s must be provided with information on important issues regarding their illness or condition and health promotion interventions should be recognised in all service users care pathways. The standards also necessitate that every hospital has a written procedure for healthShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Interpersonal Relations1164 Words   |  5 PagesTheory. This theory is a set of steps that enables the nurse to establish a therapeutic relationship with the patient in order to provide comprehensive patient- centered care. Peplau’s theory is widely used in many health care settings, and this paper will discuss how the theory can be used to improv e patient care in the hospital’s medical- surgical department. Hildegard Peplau and Theory of Interpersonal Relations Hildegard Peplau, a nurse theorist, was born on September 1st, 1909 in PennsylvaniaRead MoreThe Suicide And Suicide Prevention1534 Words   |  7 Pagesdefined as death by an act of self-infliction as an effort to end one’s life. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013), suicide was the tenth leading cause of death for all ages among Americans in 2013. It is the second leading cause of death among fifteen to twenty-nine year olds globally stated by World Health Organization (2015). Suicide being ranked that high on the lists of causes for deaths is astonishing because each of those deaths was preventable. Having awarenessRead More Alcohol Misuse1603 Words   |  7 PagesOne main public health issue that the writer will focus on is alcohol misuse. Alcohol is one of the popular and legally available drugs. Alcohol misuse is using alcohol in such a way that it causes harm to user and to those close to him/her - physically, psychologically and socia lly. The writer will explore the impact of alcohol on the individual and the community and policy on alcohol, whiles critically evaluating the role of the nurse and the effectiveness of the policy. First, it is importantRead MoreThe Role and Scope of Practice of the Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner. 2030 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction – identifying the role and job description setting of the PMHNP The Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP), role and job description is providing primary mental health care services, to those with mental health problems, or psychiatric disorders. The PMHNP is required to assess, diagnose, provide treatment plans, prescribe medication therapy, and offer counsel across the lifespan. The PMHNP provides care in a wide range of settings to children, adolescents, adults,Read MoreCns Role3029 Words   |  13 Pagesfor Clinical Nurse Specialists The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) is committed to advancing professional nursing roles and highlighting the connection between well-educated nurses and quality health care. As a leading supporter of academic institutions that educate advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs), AACN is keenly aware of the direct link between graduate-prepared nurses and both patient safety and positive outcomes. Within the APRN community, Clinical Nurse SpecialistsRead MoreNursing Paper on Patient Abuse2328 Words   |  10 Pagescare settings. These cases are amongst professional individuals (nurse-nurse and nurse-physician abuse) and also among the patient abusing the nurses. Effectively, abuse is not only a Canadian issue. It has been reported internationally as well. Thus, many nurses today are lobbying for the decrease of abuse within health care settings in order to ameliorate the working conditions. Nursing abuse may lead to other issues which will be discussed in this stu dy. This paper will address the nurse-nurseRead MoreCase Analysis : The Client 3230 Words   |  13 Pagesquestion began having an exacerbation of her psychotic symptoms which was observed by staff at the group home where she lived as well as her visiting nurse. The behavior which led to concerns included increasing self-neglect by the client who was notably not performing hygiene activities. The client was also reported to have struck her visiting nurse and to have been smearing fecal matter. The client is in her mid-sixties, is divorced, and has a son, three grandchildren, and two brothers. The clientRead MoreA Brief Note On The Refugee Agency Un2619 Words   |  11 Pagescognitive, social, and emotional development leading to serious mental illnesses, including post-traumatic stress disorder and depression (Neugebauer, 2013). Regular health problems for refugees are unique in relation with the health problems for the general population, their vulnerability increases when faced with barriers linked with migration such as language and culture. Nurses are the main health contact for these refugees. It is necessary that nurses who work with refugees should know the skillsRead MoreNursing Essay41677 Words   |  167 PagesThe Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12956.html Committee on the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative on the Future of Nursing, at the Institute of Medicine PREPUBLICATION COPY: UNCORRECTED PROOFS Copyright  © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12956.html THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 Read MoreCase Study Questions On Crisis Paper3631 Words   |  15 Pagesquestion began having an exacerbation of her psychotic symptoms which was observed by staff at the group home where she lived as well as her visiting nurse. The behavior which was of concern included increasing self-neglect by the client who was notably not performing hygiene activities. The client was also reported to have struck her visiting nurse and to have been smearing fecal matter. The client is in her mid-sixties, divorced, and has a son, three grandchildren, and two brothers. The client

Speech Recognition Technology free essay sample

An application of speech recognition technology in the healthcare industry is another section that this paper explores briefly. Please note that speech recognition technology in general recognizes speech and speaker, but this paper is concerned with speech recognition rather than speaker recognition. Keywords: SR, ASR, STT, Introduction In computer science, speech recognition (SR) is the translation of spoken words to text. It is also known as automated speech recognition (ASR), computer speech recognition, speech to text or just (STT) (Kirriemuir, 2003, Para. ). Some SR systems use training where an individual speaker reads section of text into the SR system. These SR systems are analyze the person’s specific voice and use it to fine tune the recognition of that person’s speech, resulting in more accurate transcription. Systems that do not use training are called â€Å"Speaker Independent† systems. Systems that use training are called â€Å"Speaker Dependentâ⠂¬  systems (Kirriemuir, 2003, Para. 4). A speech recognition system consists of the following: a microphone for the person to speak into, speech recognition software, a computer to take and interpret the speech, and a good quality soundcard for input and /or output. We will write a custom essay sample on Speech Recognition Technology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page How does it work? Speech recognition is an alternative to traditional methods of interacting with a computer, such as textual input through a keyboard. In this system, an individual speaks into the microphone and the verbal message converted to text. The converted text can be stored, sent via email or printed out in hardcopy formats. SR has been given special attention in the healthcare industries for various reasons. In the healthcare industry, complete documentation and preservation of patient medical reports are vital and a benchmark that every healthcare facility has to meet. In order to meet this benchmark, providers need ample time to complete documentation on their patients. However, healthcare facilities are challenged with allocating enough time for providers to complete their charting. For this reason, healthcare facilities have been seeking a system that would facilitate this problem and improve charting efficiency. Currently, SR software that has two functions is considered to be a preferred system for the healthcare field. In the healthcare field there are two types of SR systems that are used frequently. These are front-end and back-end or deferred SR systems (Edinburgh, n. d. ). Front-end speech recognition is where the provider dictates into a speech-recognition engine; the recognized words are displayed as they are spoken; and the dictator is responsible for editing and signing off on the document. Back-end or deferred speech recognition is where the provider dictates into a digital dictation system. The voice is routed through a speech recognition machine and the recognized draft document is routed along with the original voice file to the editor, where the draft is edited and report finalized. Advantages SR system is also recognized for its remarkable benefits. Entering data to the computer requires some type of input, whether it is text or voice. Speech is preferred as an input because it does not require training and it is much faster than any other input. It is also a very natural way to interact and it does not necessitate acquiring additional skills, like typing. The SR system can replace or reduce the reliability on standard keyboard and mouse input. Furthermore, this system can be exceptionally useful for people with some difficulties such as: people with little keyboard skills or experience; people with dyslexia, or others who have problems with character or word use and manipulation in a textual form; and people with physical disabilities that affect either their data entry or ability to read what they have entered. The main benefit advertised by voice recognition software producers s increased word processing speed. According to the Writer’s Store website, the average person types about 40 words per minute but can dictate 120 words per minute (Edinburgh, n. d. ). For those who have challenges with typing or a physical disability, being able to speak commands to a computer or send an email without having to press a key can make a computer vastly more enjoyable to use (Kirriemuir, 2003, Para. 2). Disadvantages SR system is an innova tive technology; however, it is not without potential problems or disadvantages. Initially, the software has to be trained to recognize the user’s voice. It is accomplished by reading the passage into the computer for accurate voice recognition. However, if a person training the software struggles with words and makes frequent reading mistakes, the software will make mistakes when dictating. If the user has non-standard speech, tends to run words together or mumbles, then the training process may take longer. The software spells every word it recognizes correctly; however, 5 – 20% words are recognized as incorrect (Kirriemuir, 2003, P. 4). For example, it cannot recognize homonyms- words such as two, to, too. As the result some words and punctuations must be edited. Voice recognition uses a lot of memory and needs specific hardware installment. Also people with thick accents may not be able to achieve accurate word recognition. In a loud environment, voice recognition software may fail to recognize the user’s voice, and it may even try to generate text from voice heard in the background. These problems make the SR less desirable to implement in many corporate industries including the healthcare field. Costs Purchasing speech recognition software is not beyond the reach of one’s budget. The cost of the SR system varies from the types of software intended to use. Generally, the cost ranges from free to couple thousands of dollars; this makes it cheaper than buying a keyboard and a mouse. As the result many companies are willing to try the system. Current users Although many companies are still testing this product, there are institutions that are using it extensively. These include the U. S military, FAA, the healthcare industries, Banks, and other retail corporations. Current Vendors There are several vendors that are manufacturing the system, mainly in the United States and the UK. The top leader SR vendors are Microsoft Corporation (Cicrosft Voice Command), Digital Syphon (Sonic Extractor), LumenVox, Nuance Communication (Nuance Voce Control), Speech Technology Center, Vito Technology (VITO Voice2Go), Speereo Software (Speereo Voice Translator), Verbyx Vrx and SVOX. Conclusion Speech recognition technology is the translation of spoken words to text. It is an alternative to traditional methods of interacting with computer, such as textual input through a keyboard. This system has received special attention in the healthcare industry, mainly for its capability to input text into the computer much faster than traditional typing method. Although the system has a lot of problems, organizations like the U. S. military still utilize it due to its low cost. This system has made dictation much easier for various individual and is a hope for more effective documentation. References University of Edinburgh. (n. d. ). Mobiusing advanced technologies for care at home. Retrieved on November 30, 2012, from http://www. cs. stir. ac. uk CNN (2000, May 12). Technology is voice recognition dangerous for your health. Retrieved on November 13, 2012, from http://http://articles. cnn. com/2000-05-23/tech/voice. saving. tips. idg_1_speach-recognition-dragon-systmes Kirriemuir, John. (2003, March 30). Speech Recognition Technologies. Retrieved on November 30, 2012, from www. Jisc. ac. uk

Murderball free essay sample

My view of Mark Zupan is that he is cocky, aggressive but a fun person to be around with . His aggressive behaviour can be shown through anger which can be directed towards the people that he loves and cares about. His personality overall is that he is friendly but he’s not open emotionally or too involved with his own feelings where others may see it as a weakness. His personal life consists of friends from Quad Rugby, who are all supportive, his family and his girl friend whom he met after his accident. She has great affection for him and both are happy together.I have gain respect from Zupan view of not being weak but as a strong minded person. My views for Joe Soares is entirely different to that of Mark Zupan . On the end of the spectrum, Joe Soares is a loving , caring and funny person to be with. We will write a custom essay sample on Murderball or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He has great knowledge about the importance of street smarts and who he should hang around with. He is a happily married man who has a son named Robert. Joe is addicted to Quad Rugby much like a drug and very competitive. He used to play for America but because he didn’t make the team, he instead became the coach for Team Canada .His personal life consists of his friends, his fellow team mates from Team Canada and his family. Even though he is tough on his team, he is also a compassionate coach. I have been positioned as Soares as entirely respectable man to follow as not having a weak heart but a strong man to overcome his problems. The film techniques used in the documentary focused on the two main characters Mark and Joe about how their lives have changed being quadriplegic . There are only minimal characters s in the documentary as the director wanted to focus solely on Mark and Joe’s story.I feel as if I responded to the characters in sympathetic way. They are still able to continue on with life although a little differently. The film shot uses framing, sound track, lighting and close up on Mark Zupan leg which has a tattoo, this may show us a devil may care attitude and could symbolise his removal from being a ‘quadriplegic’ . And the sound track being dull as though the director wants to show us in the beginning scene that if you’re living a quadriplegic lifestyle it is very grey and boring.Joe Soares archive footage has also been included in the documentary which displays his achievements in Quad Rugby . The lighting shows the medals and trophies he won. The sound track starts to change as we see his achievements go pass. The framing shows scenes of Mark Zupan and Joe Soares life as being busy and worth while living . The director shows Mark and Joe times that they have experienced throughout their quadriplegic life. They express their emotion which shows us how they feel about their condition and how they live their life . It has positioned me to feel that Joe and Mark are not progressing in life but as my views changed. Their life as a quadriplegic are not as bad as I thought it would be. My overall impression is that lifes for a quadriplegic can be tough and stressful at times . As reality kicks in , a quadriplegic has to deal with the fact of never walking again and not being able to do normal stuff that a person would do in their daily life. After watching the documentary, I really admire quadriplegics because of their courage and strength to continue on with their lives, no matter how difficult it may be .They should have the same respect as everybody else. My conclusion about the documentary â€Å"Murder ball† the life without the use of their legs. I find their story courageous and inspirational . Their experiences are therefore different compared to other people. Mark Zupan and Joe Soares went from rock bottom to being uplifted due to their willingness to change. This shows me their determination and strength to live on . Mark and Joe have now adapted to the changes in their bodies and have now moved onto the phase of their lives.

Free Essays on Analyis Of Farewell To Arms

Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms In Ernest Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms Fredrick Henry’s lust eventually turns to love for Catherine Barkley. Fredrick Henry is an American who is studying architecture in Rome when WWI starts. He joins the Italian army and becomes an officer in charge of overseeing the ambulances in a small town a few miles from the front. He likes to drink rather heavily with the other officers and goes with them to the local bordello. Him and his friend Rinaldi often talk about girls and the women of the bordello. â€Å"Here now we have beautiful girls. New girls never been to the front before† (11). Henry is happy with his flings and does not think much about them except that they are fun. Rinaldi meets two new women, two English nurses at the hospital and have just arrived to the town. Rinaldi takes Henry to meet the two nurses. Henry then meets Catherine Barkley and at first is only interested in her physically like he is with the other girls. When he goes the next couple of afternoons to see her he acts like he is playing a game. One visit he tries to kiss her and gets slapped for it but this only worked to his advantage. â€Å"I was angry and yet certain, seeing it all ahead like the moves in a chess game† (26). He plays it off and is able to finally get a kiss from her.... Free Essays on Analyis Of Farewell To Arms Free Essays on Analyis Of Farewell To Arms Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms In Ernest Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms Fredrick Henry’s lust eventually turns to love for Catherine Barkley. Fredrick Henry is an American who is studying architecture in Rome when WWI starts. He joins the Italian army and becomes an officer in charge of overseeing the ambulances in a small town a few miles from the front. He likes to drink rather heavily with the other officers and goes with them to the local bordello. Him and his friend Rinaldi often talk about girls and the women of the bordello. â€Å"Here now we have beautiful girls. New girls never been to the front before† (11). Henry is happy with his flings and does not think much about them except that they are fun. Rinaldi meets two new women, two English nurses at the hospital and have just arrived to the town. Rinaldi takes Henry to meet the two nurses. Henry then meets Catherine Barkley and at first is only interested in her physically like he is with the other girls. When he goes the next couple of afternoons to see her he acts like he is playing a game. One visit he tries to kiss her and gets slapped for it but this only worked to his advantage. â€Å"I was angry and yet certain, seeing it all ahead like the moves in a chess game† (26). He plays it off and is able to finally get a kiss from her....

4 Key Models in Urban Geography That Explain Land Use

4 Key Models in Urban Geography That Explain Land Use Walk through most contemporary cities, and the mazes of concrete and steel can be some of the most intimidating and confusing places to visit. Buildings rise up dozens of stories from the street and spread for miles out of view. Despite how hectic cities and their surrounding areas can be, attempts at creating models of the way cities function have been made and analyzed to make our understanding of the urban environment richer. Concentric Zone Model One of the first models created for use by academics was the concentric zone model, developed in the 1920s by urban sociologist Ernest Burgess. What Burgess wanted to model was Chicagos spatial structure with regards to the usage of zones around the city. These zones radiated from Chicagos center, The Loop, and moved concentrically outward. In the example of Chicago, Burgess designated five different zones that had separate functions spatially. The first zone was The Loop, the second zone was the belt of factories that were directly outside of The Loop, the third zone included homes of laborers who worked in the factories, the fourth zone contained middle-class residences, and the fifth and final zone hugged the first four zones and contained the homes of the suburban upper class. Keep in mind that Burgess developed the zone during an industrial movement in America and these zones worked mainly for American cities at the time. Attempts at applying the model to European cities have failed, as many cities in Europe have their upper classes located centrally, whereas American cities have their upper classes mostly at the periphery. The five names for each zone in the concentric zone model are as follows: Central business district (CBD)Zone of transitionZone of independent workersZone of better residencesCommuters zone Hoyt Model Since the concentric zone model isnt applicable to many cities, some other academics attempted to further model the urban environment. One of these academics was Homer Hoyt, a land economist who was mostly interested in taking a look at rents within a city as a means of modeling the citys layout. The Hoyt model (also known as the sector model), which was developed in 1939, took into account the effect of transportation and communication on a citys growth. His thoughts were that rents could remain relatively consistent in certain slices of the model, from the downtown center all the way to the suburban fringe, giving the model a pie-like look. This model has been found to work especially well in British cities. Multiple-Nuclei Model A third well-known model is the multiple-nuclei model. This model was developed in 1945 by geographers Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman to try and further describe a citys layout. Harris and Ullman made the argument that the citys downtown core (CBD) was losing its importance in relation to the rest of the city and should be seen less as the focal point of a city and instead as a nucleus within the metropolitan area. The automobile began to become increasingly important during this time, which made for greater movement of residents to the suburbs. Since this was taken into consideration, the multiple-nuclei model is a good fit for sprawling and expansive cities. The model itself contained nine differing sections that all had separate functions: Central business districtLight manufacturingLow-class residentialMiddle-class residentialUpper-class residentialHeavy manufacturingOutlying business districtResidential suburbIndustrial suburb These nuclei develop into independent areas because of their activities. For example, some economic activities that support one another (for instance, universities and bookstores) will create a nucleus. Other nuclei form because theyd be better off far from one another (e.g., airports and central business districts). Finally, other nuclei can develop from their economic specialization (think of shipping ports and railway centers). Urban-Realms Model As a means of improving upon the multiple nuclei model, geographer James E. Vance  Jr. proposed the urban-realms model in 1964. Using this model, Vance was able to look at San Franciscos urban ecology and summarize economic processes into a sturdy model. The model suggests that cities are made up of small realms, which are self-sufficient urban areas with independent focal points. The nature of these realms is examined through the lens of five criteria: The topological terrain of the area, including water barriers and mountainsThe size of the metropolis as a wholeThe amount and strength of the economic activity taking place within each of the realmsThe accessibility internally of each realm in regards to its major economic functionThe inter-accessibility across the individual suburban realms This model does a good job at explaining suburban growth and how certain functions that are normally found in the CBD can be moved to the suburbs (such as shopping malls, hospitals, schools, etc.). These functions diminish the importance of the CBD and instead create distant realms that accomplish approximately the same thing.

Google vs. Yahoo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Google vs. Yahoo - Essay Example From this study it is clear that Microsoft and Yahoo like companies are currently struggling to compete effectively with Google. Only Facebook and Apple Inc are causing problems to Google at present. However, with the help of innovative business strategies and business alliances, Google is bouncing back strongly. For example, many of the smartphone manufactures such as Samsung and LG are using Google’s operating system. Moreover, the acquisition of Motorola by Google is a big threat to the smartphone manufacturers. Many people believe that Google will definitely enter into the smartphone manufacturing market in near future itself. Google Books is the online book store established by Google recently to challenge Amazon whereas Google plus is the social network established by Google to challenge Facebook.This paper highlights that Google is offering stiff challenges to all major IT companies whereas Yahoo is struggling to survive in the market. Organizational structure, culture, management styles, leadership and business philosophies of Google and Yahoo are entirely different. While Google’s business strategies are meeting big success, same thing cannot be said about Yahoo. This business report analyses the organizational structure, design, management and leadership styles in Google and Yahoo.  Unlike other companies, it is hard to explain Google’s organizational structure in few words. It is difficult to categorize Google’s organizational structure in functional or matrix organizational structures.  ... Microsoft and Yahoo like companies are currently struggling to compete effectively with Google. Only Facebook and Apple Inc are causing problems to Google at present. However, with the help of innovative business strategies and business alliances, Google is bouncing back strongly. For example, many of the smartphone manufactures such as Samsung and LG are using Google’s operating system. Moreover, the acquisition of Motorola by Google is a big threat to the smartphone manufacturers. Many people believe that Google will definitely enter into the smartphone manufacturing market in near future itself. Google Books is the online book store established by Google recently to challenge Amazon whereas Google plus is the social network established by Google to challenge Facebook. In short, Google is offering stiff challenges to all major IT companies whereas Yahoo is struggling to survive in the market. Organizational structure, culture, management styles, leadership and business philo sophies of Google and Yahoo are entirely different. While Google’s business strategies are meeting big success, same thing cannot be said about Yahoo. This business report analyses the organizational structure, design, management and leadership styles in Google and Yahoo. Organizational structure and design Google Unlike other companies, it is hard to explain Google’s organizational structure in few words. It is difficult to categorize Google’s organizational structure in functional or matrix organizational structures. Google’s organizational structure is made up of different shareholders. Even though Sergey Brin and Larry Page are the actual owners of this company, Larry Page seems to be

Retail business Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Retail business - Dissertation Example Due to recession, many retail organizations have reduced their workforce, and the employees feel uncertainty in their jobs. 3. People are likely to lose their jobs, especially men and young employees. The effect of global crisis have been felt by people in different ways, depending on the places they live, industry in which they are employed, occupation, and their personal characteristics. This is an indicator for understanding that, recruitment is an expensive process. It means that retail firms will increase the number of employees only if necessary, and they will only recruit when there is any authentic business case. As an alternative, most firms will go for their existing employees working harder, until the situation come under their control. 4. Unemployment rate is greater for males than females (Figure 1) – The unemployment rate to an extent will affect men more because they are more employed in the retail sectors, and so have the chance to experience job losses. 5. Com pared to other sectors in UK, executive salary in the retail sector is so high. In reality, a significant portion of the revenues of UK retail companies are being spent for schemes of employees’ pension and salaries. 6. Unemployment rate increases largely for younger people- The maximum increase in the unemployment rate, was for the population of age group between 18 and 24, as shown in Figure 2 below. Males in this age category have borne the impact of job losses. This will result in unemployment in later life, and they are supposed to earn less in future also. Fig.2: Male and female unemployment rate Fig.3: Increase in unemployment rate by age (Lee et al. n.d.). 7. The global crisis has been reflected in the present patterns of economic slowdown: maximum job losses have been found in ex-industrial areas of UK. 8. One of the main reasons for job losses is the low skill levels of the workforce in UK. Places of population with highly skilled people have experienced less amount of increase in unemployment, and populations with low skill levels have experienced the highest rate of increase in unemployment. 9. Places which depend on financial services employment have not performed well during the time of recession. This is because of the high job losses in retail banking sector, and it tends to be situated outside the capital of UK. 10. Lower Disposable Income- The decrease in the distribution of disposable income was a main challenge for the purchasing activities of the consumers. Decrease in the disposable income has taught the consumer to be more careful in making any purchase. 11. Lower Level of Savings- Inability of the consumers to maintain a sustainable level of savings, have made them focus on two distinct alternatives; one is to continue the same level of consumption pattern by low priced product purchase, or to purchase quality products without cutting the consumption level. 12. Risk of Opportunity Costs- The risk of opportunity costs have made th e consumers more conscious in making their purchase decisions. Purchase decision strategy often depends on the individual preferences of the consumers. 13. Retail banking industry is another area which has faced problems on account of recession. Retail banking carries on banking operations which directly deal with the individuals relatively than other banks or corporations. As the UK retail banking is not controlled by any centralized authority, they are occupied in business practices which are risky to continue in the market. 14. In

Zimbabwe Taxation Essay Example for Free

Zimbabwe Taxation Essay The tax system currently enforced in Zimbabwe under the authority of the Income tax Act Chap 23. 06 with Acts like the Capital Gains Act Chap 23. 01, Finance Act Chap 23. 04 and the Excise duties Act as complimentary. The system evolved from traditional ideologies perpetuated from pre pre-colonial era up to now. The incidence of tax from a traditional perspective occurred from as far as the Rozvi State who was allowed to maintain their power and control by the Portuguese Traders which resulted in the development of the tributary system. In which tribute was to be paid in form of farm produce, animal skins, fish and various goods. Every person under the protection of the kingdom and within the chief’s jurisdiction was to pay tribute from their occupational activity. This tributary system was mainly instigated by military control and any person revoking this tradition was punished. This traditional view is reflected in the modern tax system as there are some synonymous traits which have of course been duly developed over time. The presence of the British settlers saw the tax system being inclined towards politics and social classes or race in other words. In 1894 Hut Tax was introduced and was set at 10 shillings per hut and this tax was imposed on each adult male. The tax was paid to the British South Africa company which was the agent of the colonial government in the area even though it was initially authorised by the Colonial Office in London. Hut Tax was paid in the form of money, labour, grain or livestock and the colonial Authorities in this case the British were the beneficiaries. This tax benefited the white minority as they raised money, enhanced their economy’s liquidity (cash wise, thus supporting the currency), facilitating further development of the white minority. The whole purpose of a tax system to benefit the people at large through the services provided by the government was rather defeated as the greater proportion of tax was paid by the black majority for the benefit of the white minority. Poll tax was also another type of tax introduced by the colonial authorities again aimed at the male adult. It was set at 1 pound per male adult; 10 shilling tax on each excess wife was also introduced. Administering of tax policies was mainly set to compel the African to surrender his labour power to the settler economy so as to depend on them for the money with which they could meet their tax obligation. Initially Blacks owned the most cattle, sheep, had a bigger population thus consumed more meaning more sales tax was expected to be paid. Under the bid to frustrate black expectations of prospering and to reduce the chance of them gaining economic advantage over the whites a host of other taxes were recommended by the Southern Rhodesia Native Affairs Committee (these were later approved). The recommendations were made up of a plot to: * Introduce Dog tax * Implementing the taxation of all cattle * The continuation of poll tax * Progressive taxation of polygamous wives * A marriage fee of 5 pounds was to be set to be paid by the husband with an allowable remittance of 5 shillings for every month worked for a European Employer. (African Heritage,pg 65) At face value without any need for a comprehensive analysis it is quite evident that accumulating more of anything from cattle, increase in consumption, children and even another wife meant more tax due to be paid to the colonial authorities. Cattle tax was to be paid on the cattle owned by the people and dog tax likewise had to be paid for every dog kept. Penalties were applied through acts of confistication of cattle on most cases. The Southern Rhodesian Tax Ordinance of 1918 was not very different from the tax policies which were implemented in South Africa and the United Kingdom, though the income tax rates were not very high. Deductions were allowable for the contributions that were made to the pension funds and also generous primary abatements for dependants and as well as the secondary abatements for dependants. Insurance premiums and medical expenses were also allowed as a deduction The Pay as You Earn (P. A. Y. E) system of collecting Tax income was also adopted and it mainly operated with reference to an employed person. The definition of person in this regard mainly focuses on the natural person as it is the natural person and not the Juristic (for example Companies) that earn the employment income on which P. A. Y. E will be charged. Companies were also taxed in their own capacity and were required to pay a standard rate of 7s. 3d. n the ?. Special incentives for investment and exports were also given to benefit international trade and encourage investments in the companies established in the Zimbabwean Economy. Personal tax obligations were payable by individuals on a sliding scale ranging from  £2 per annum to  £12 per annum, this range was dependant on the income Death duties were relatively low by world standards, and were payable on a sliding scale rising to a maximum of 2s. 6d. in the pound currency, which is reached on a taxable amount of approximately  £42,000. Stamp duties were set on numerous documents recording transactions between persons and on services provided at various registries. These included a transfer duty at the rate of  £1 per cent, for the first  £4,000 of the value of property transferred and  £2 per cent, on the excess over  £4,000. Customs duties were imposed in a single column tariff on the bulk of the goods that were imported into Rhodesia. The customs duties covered protective duties for Rhodesian industries and revenue duties over a wide range of consumer goods. Almost all raw materials for industry had a 0 % duty (that is they were free of duty), as were the variety of capital goods. Excise duties were imposed on all wines, spirits, beer, cigarettes, manufactured tobacco, and motor spirit produced in Rhodesia. The consumption based sales tax, was mainly levied at the retail stage, and was the buying and selling actually occurred. The tax rate charged was 8d. Some goods were exempted from tax and thus immune to tax, these include basic food stuff, raw materials for production and capital goods for use by the industry Motor vehicle tax ranged from  £12 per annum for ordinary passenger vehicles to  £72 per annum for the heaviest public service vehicle with a charge of  £144 for diesel-powered vehicles. The Motor Vehicle tax could be paid in three instalments at the beginning of each licensing term of four months. Tax was also imposed on minor duties like trading activities, betting, and television and wireless receivers. The local government of the colonial authority attested that the tax will be confined to the field rates on the property. The accumulation of the tax payable by blacks on everything and every income that accrued to them led to an uprising (among other causative factors) resulting in the Chimurenga war which ended in 1980 the year in which Rhodesia became Zimbabwe. The tax system applied by the new regime and government was not very different from the one administered in the colonial era except that it was altered to shift the benefit to the black majority at large. Taxation cannot be divorced from economic conditions and indicators and to some extent politics. The post independence period was highly characterised with many developmental projects implemented by the Zimbabwean government through provision of social services, drought reliefs, subsidies for companies owned by the government. However this government expenditure engineered a budget deficit which had a negative impact on the tax as higher taxes were now required to meet the expenditures. Tax rates in the 1980s additions The tax system evolved gradually being influenced by economic conditions that occurred like the hyper inflationary era in 2007, 2008. The evolvement of Zimbabwe’s Tax system has seen the emergence of the Department of Taxes and the Department of Customs and Excise to form the Zimbabwe Revenue Authority (ZIMRA) in Jan 2001 but which started operating in September 2001. ZIMRA was established to enhance revenue collection and trade facilitation. (FORE 2006, pg 3) Currently, the Ministry of Finance is directly responsible for the fiscal management and thus have a direct impact on the tax system. In reference to the Constitution of Zimbabwe (Sec 102 and 201) all fees and other public revenues are paid to the Consolidated Reserve fund. The proceeds from this fund enable the government to meet its expenditure, provide services to the people. The legal framework, the administration of tax policies and the collection of taxes has been placed under the Zimbabwe Revenue Authority (ZIMRA) in the authority of the Commissioner General. The tax system under the provisions of the Income tax Act stipulates that tax is not levied on profits as in some countries but it is levied on taxable income. Zimbabwean Tax system use a source based approach in which tax is levied from income whose source is deemed to be from Zimbabwe. Not every income of every person is taxable; income from Local Authorities or institutions like POSB, Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ) is exempt from tax this is according to sec14 of the Income Tax Act. Dividends from a company incorporated in Zimbabwe are also exempt from tax. The government has implemented reactive approaches towards taxation rather than a proactive one this is seen y the Fiscalisation of cash registers in order to reduce the losses in Value added tax (VAT) Collection as VAT is the major contributor of tax revenue mainly because it is consumption based, and orrowing from principles of micro economics it can be proven that people consume whether they have income or not from the marginal propensity to consume concept . The fiscalisation of cash registers can increase the amount VAT collected from businesses as the transactions incurred can be monitored through a memory card placed in the registers which are linked to the revenue authorities. The Value Added Tax Act [Chap 23. 11] is the main authority which governs the collection of VAT Tax bands are used on individual income in countries like South Africa, Zambia and Botswana. The use of tax bands makes PAYE a progressive tax which is redistributive. This leads to the reasoning that the proportion of tax revenue from PAYE should be higher than that from the non progressive taxes such as VAT and customs duty. In Zimbabwe tax is classified under proportional tax, progressive tax, regressive tax and direct tax. Individuals’ income from employment is taxed using tax bands, while income from trade or investment has been taxed at the same rate as that for corporate tax which was a flat rate 30% in 2009 and has gone down to 25% in 2010. The tax free band for income from employment was set at US$150 a month when the economy was dollarized in 2009 and was increased marginally to US$160 a month The advent of the Inclusive Government in 2009 in the post inflationary period where the tax and revenue base were dwindling resulted in the implementation of tax reforms to revive the tax system. This was difficult especially in the collection of corporate tax as most companies were operating below capacity. Corporate tax currently charged at 25% . Since tax is highly linked to development, tax incentive to foreign companies willing to invest in the country have been made so as to alleviate development. Tax concessions under special mining licences are also given, windfall gain tax is also charged in the mining sector. The holder’s of special mining rights are charged at a lower rate of 15% and are subject to Windfall Gain Tax which is levied on the additional profits. This profit is not attributable to production but occurs when the price of a certain commodity rises above a certain level (AFRODAD 2011, pg19). This tax charge is currently set at 31. 176%. The government once made an attempt to exempt ZIMPLATS from paying tax on additional profit tax but ZIMRA never implemented this action and still went on to collect tax from it. The Income Tax Act is revised and reformed from time to time this is the responsibility of the Tax Steering Committee which was set up soon after the Inclusive Government was established. This Committee comprises of the minister of Finance Mr. T Biti, some representatives from the private sector and ZIMRA itself. The committee aims to solve the challenge faced by tax authorities in Zimbabwe of trying to broaden tax base and at the same time simplify tax collection and easing the debt burden. The Final Deduction system is also a notable development of Zimbabwe’s tax system. It is a system in which the employer is required to deduct P.  A. Y. E from the employee’s income in a way that it becomes the final tax. The final deduction system (FDS) was implemented in 2000 but it was initially introduced in 1997/98 (AFRODAD 2011, pg 18). The directive governing the deduction of P. A. Y. E under the F. D. S system is taken from the 13th schedule of the Income Tax Act. There is then no need for the employees to submit tax returns at the end of the tax year.

George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four 1984 Essay -- essays research pa

Living in a society with limited freedom of expression is not, in any case, enjoyable. A totalitarian system is a good example of such a society, because although it provides control for the people, it can deny them a great deal of freedom to express themselves. The fictional society in George Orwell’s 1984 also stands as a metaphor for a Totalitarian society. Communication, personal beliefs, and individual loyalty to the government are all controlled by the inner party which governs the people of Oceania in order to keep them from rebelling. Current society in North America is much more democratic. It contrasts with Orwell’s society of 1984 because communication, personal beliefs and the people’s loyalty to the government are all determined by the individual. In order to keep the people of Oceania in conformity with the desires of the governing Inner Party, the Inner Party controls several aspects of the people’s lives. Communication is controlled for the benefit of the nation. Newspeak is a modified version of language that is enforced upon the people in order to limit their expression. Syme and Winston, two middle-class workers in Oceania, discuss the concept of Newspeak. Syme reveals that he supports the system, demonstrating how he has been brainwashed by the Inner Party who enforces it. "It’s a beautiful thing, the destruction of words... You haven’t a real appreciation for Newspeak, Winston... Don’t you see that the whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of thought? In the end we shall make thought-crime literally impossible, because there will be no words in which to express it† (Orwell, 46). One can detect from this quotation that the people of Oceania, as a group, have been brainwashed by the Inner Party to use only Newspeak. Syme, for one, understands the purpose of it, and he still complies with the system because he has been trained to do so. North America in 2001 is much different from Orwell’s 1984 because freedom of expression is a dominating factor in our culture’s communication. In conversation as well as newspapers and magazines, a variety of views and opinions are openly expressed. In our world we have the freedom to talk to whom ever we choose. There are no boundaries on who we talk to and how we express ourselves. Through our televisions people are able to express different ideas or thoughts. Censorship is not enforced to a ... ...he government gives them the freedom to do so. These people are given the freedom to be who they want to be, to be loyal to their own person. All in all, modern society has an extremely high level of freedom regarding all forms of expression. The story of 1984 reflects a society that totally contrasts with our society today. While Orwell’s objective was primarily written to exaggerate the Totalitarian/Communist and other conditions of society surrounding him, 1984 presents an important guide to life for us as modern people living in North America. By cutting off communication, diminishing personal beliefs, and not allowing individual loyalty Orwell is able to show us how this society is wrong in our eyes. The totalitarian system that George Orwell creates in this book, 1984, contrasts with the society we are used to living in daily. Just as a major objective of learning our history is to ensure that we do not repeat our mistakes. 1984 can give warnings to both government systems and individuals regarding how society should not be controlled. The vigorous control system presented in the book stands as a method by which no person would want to live by.

Innovative Human Resource Practices : Global Perspective.

Innovative Human Resource Practices : Global Perspective. â€Å"Any company that’s going to make it in the 1990’s and beyond has got to find a way to engage the mind of every single employee. If you are not thinking all the time about making every employee more valuable, you don’t have a chance. What’s the alternative? Wasted minds? Uninvolved people? A labour force that’s angry or bored? That doesn’t make sense. † – Jack Welch Positively correlated with the economic transition is the strengthening and diversification of human resource management practices, a break away from the more traditional, though extremely challenging fields of Personal Management and Industrial Relations. The maturity of various industries in India has also seen a maturity in the way the various players approach their human resource management. One excellent example is that of BPO Industry. In the beginning it was only meant to handle non-core activities like payroll management etc. ut as the industry-matured it saw the entry of various players coming-up with strategic core service support like NAD, RR&D etc. This led to a stronger focus on HRM. What is happening in India today is similar to the experiences of economically developed nations through several past decades; and will happen in least developed countries too, in times to come. Hence, it would be prudent to talk of modern human resource practices in a more general, i. e. , global framework. Of course, contextual peculiarities will only serve to enrich our knowledge pool. But the first thing we need to clear – both at a conceptual and at a terminological level – what we are looking for. The main task is to find a common definition of ‘innovative practices’, a definition that most of us could agree upon in order to avoid conflicting interpretations or misunderstandings, â€Å"Innovative practices are original, exemplary, successful, adaptable, new solutions gained from experience†. Undoubtedly, the â€Å"Innovative Practices† when considered are large in variety. They range from the introduction of new technologies to the assignment of new duties to the increase in competences, they test new organizational models, and they introduce innovative tools of social and political governance at a local level. Modern workplaces are extremely complex situations in which all the elements: the nature of the job, the characteristics of the employee, the structure of the organization/ organizational sub-unit as well as the methods and aims of supervision are extremely diverse and/or fluid. And, as a response, have emerged, a wide variety of innovative HR practices. The first element common is the need for innovation and experimentation, which are required in order to cope with the change in the sector as workforce around the world, has undergone a serious transformation. Changing demographic patterns, income levels, aspirations & expectations have given rise to a more demanding & aware work force. Let’s take the example of a BPO where in order to retain employees, industry is adopting new and innovative ways. The following example helps us to understand how the industry is attracting people. â€Å"MSR works for four days every week and gets to put her feet up for the rest of the week. MSR is part of a 20-member team at a leading BPO, WNS Global Services. While the company claimed every employee followed a five-day week, an insider said that the new four-day system has been introduced as a pilot project for an US insurance firm. The insurer apparently offers a similar option to its call centre employees in the US. Workers opting for the four-day system get a normal weekend off and another holiday mid-week. However, they have to work for 11 hours on normal workdays compared to nine hours that their colleagues following a usual week put in. The pay is no different either. MSR says that she finds this comfortable as she is in the office for most of the day or night. It does not make much of a difference if she stays on for another couple of hours making it 11 hours a day. But she is happy to have a full day off that gives her more time to be with her family. † Just like above mentioned example many BPOs are following various innovative practices in the form of new HR incentives. They have tried many incentives such as encouraging people to get their family to work in the same place or creating recreational opportunities. A senior professor of organizational behavior at XLRI, India observed that after a point, money would not matter and personal life becomes very important. Companies are trying to reduce the gap between official life and personal life. They are trying to take care of employees’ personal life as much as possible. That is why the employers are trying to make the organization a fun workplace, offering facilities like gym, sauna and games. Some companies also arrange to take care of errands such as paying electricity and telephone bills to help the employees reducing their personal work loads. Let’s look at some of the issues calling for more innovative human resource practices: 1. Technology, Change and Resistance to Change. Needless to say, one big player is Technology. Hard technology created alienation amongst workers and it continues to do so in softer avatars. The introduction of amazing new technologies have increased the speed at which other organizations will copy your best practices so it is necessary to speed up the rate of innovation in everything in business. In short, innovation is the last remaining competitive advantage in business — and HR and recruiting are not exempt from this fact. Perhaps this quote will illustrate the speed in which companies are required to innovate: â€Å"Innovation is what is at the foundation of the U. S. economy. Just to give you a simple example of my company†¦ about 90 percent of December revenue comes from products which were not there in January. That sort of innovation, which is a total turnover of our revenue every year, is indicative of what innovation means to us. You miss a cycle of innovation, your revenue disappears. † — Craig Barrett, CEO of Intel Witness the sustained employee- resistance, covert or overt, to technology introduction. In earlier decades, workers resisted mechanization for fear of job-loss. These days, computerization efforts are given the boot as it requires new learning. Again witness the very high implementation – failure rates of what were once thought of as panacea for all organizational ills: Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. What actually failed was the proper integration of the Human layer with the Technological one. And now the flipside- Technology helps organizations co-ordinate the complex task of human resource management. Human Resource Management solutions (HRMS) are available in flexible, web- based modules like: — Employee Performance Management (including eAppraisal, Trainning & Development, Goal allocation & Tracking, Multi- Rater Feedback, Performance Linked Bonus etc. ). A lot of companies / HR consultants get custom software built for the purpose on Oracle, but the functionality is similar, which filters and web support etc. Some of the software that support various HR Functions are : Instant HR Software 2. 0. 94 (Manage human resources, personnel records, leave and benefits. , ERP Flex – HR 1 (Manage detailed information of your employees, various evaluations, and trainings. ), The Garuda Preference Profile 2. 1 (Analyze, describe, and measure essential competences, statistics and job-requirements. ) etc. — Human Capital Management including Employee Database (HRIS), Employee Self- Services, Payroll Manager, Online Compensation Planning etc. ) — eRecruitment ( incl uding Recruitment portal, Transfer Management etc. ) — Strategic HR Tools (including Organization Alignment, Succession Planning, Manpower Planning, Leadership Effectiveness Surveys, and Employee Satisfaction Surveys etc. 2. The Gen-Y gauntlet: ‘Challenge me; Develop me; Pay me’ All across the world, and especially in demographically young countries like India, the workforce has come to share certain common features: young age, high levels of intelligence as well as education, a comfortable upbringing, very high aspirational levels and high mobility ( not only physical but also emotional). Coupled these with a relative indifference towards hierarchy, bureaucracy, titles and bonuses and the HR manager has a serious retention and motivation problem at hand as these young people are different. Their motivation, their technical sophistication, and their demand for respect and responsibility are leaving many company executives to wonder: â€Å"What should we do with Generation Y? It’s clear that harnessing the power of these young people is an issue many companies have started to address. Generation Y is innovative and creative. They seek to make a difference and want to produce something worthwhile. Companies that don’t find a way to harness that energy very quickly are likely going to lose out. Generation Y is also impatient; they expect speed and change and won’t tolerate situations that don’t make sense to them. Technology advancements are in part responsible for the generation’s sense of urgency. This generation is connected 24/7. Their exuberant, impatient style may be frustrating to older executives who dismiss Generation Y as inexperienced. At work, Generation Y thrives on flexibility, having space to explore, and the opportunity to pursue new challenges. They expect to be respected for their ideas and insights from Day One, and they think face time and corporate politics are a waste of time. They’d also like to stay with one company – if that company offers them ongoing opportunities to grow and learn new things. So HR practitioners should adopt some practical steps to consider toward change. Start by determining the company’s need for Generation Y talent over the next three to five years, and don’t forget to anticipate the retirement of Baby Boomers or the shortage of Generation Xers. Try to assess the workplace relative to what Generation Yers want: long-term career development, multiple experiences within a single company, flexibility, sense of purpose and meaning in work, respect, and open communication. Finally, develop a generational change plan with the support of senior leaders in the company and pay particular attention to communicating the plan’s purpose and details so that people feel comfortable with the changes. 3. The ‘Creating a Great Place to Work’ Contest. Yes. Like Reality Shows on TV, this new contest has also entered HRM- space in India. Every self – respecting organization wants to be on the bandwagon (or at least seen to be on it). HR managers take this issue seriously as the quality of the workplace impacts directly on issues of customer service and productivity. The connection to customer service has been shown in numerous studies. A famous 1998 study published in the Harvard Business Review article â€Å"The Employee-Customer-Profit Chain at Sears† showed that an increase in employee satisfaction at a store resulted in an increase in customer satisfaction, which in turn resulted in higher profitability for the store. There have been similar studies in the hospital industry, showing that improvements in workplace environments result in better patient satisfaction. A Financial Services & Insurance / Morgan Stanley company of United States takes care of its work environment in order to increase productivity and retain employees. Employees at this investment bank are cared for with benefits that include two on-site restaurants, two health clubs, a medical clinic, dry cleaner, and back-up child care services – one of many initiatives set-up to promote better work/life balance. But what really keeps employees here is the sense among them that they are all seen as people first, not just employees. Phrases such as â€Å"we hire nice people†, and â€Å"talent is more important than specific skill† indicate that managers at Morgan Stanley are willing to invest in people to help them grow and learn, and thus create a career for themselves. This is not the only company there are various company all over the world which are focusing on this very issue of work life. Witness the following initiatives: Sasken’s ‘People First’ policy: shifting focus from consumer to employees; Marriott Hotels’ ‘Guarantee of Fair Treatment’ (GIFT); SCOPE’s (Standard Chartered Operations Co. ‘Switch Jobs Without Quitting’ (SJWQ); Godrej Consumer Products’ Policy on Sexual Harassment (POSH); Sapient Community Outreach Programme (SAPPORT); Sasken’s ‘Hibernation Leave’ concept etc. Thus organization need to understand that mere talk about creating a â€Å"customer- centric† organization is not enough y ou need to provide a working example of how it’s done. Now that we have seen few issues which are very important in today’s scenario to be taken care of let us see few examples of the companies that are following innovative practices in their organizations. The below mentioned examples give a view that companies are following across the world innovative practices that can help them to retain, develop and motivate their people. 7 creative ways that leading companies use to maximize the power of people. 1. Support and Accountability for New recruits at Trilogy Software Trilogy Software, inc among the world’s largest privately held software companies pushes the responsibility of grooming new hires into the organization on their sponsors. As a result, if the new hires make the grade, the sponsors are paid $ 1,000 bonus. If the new hires fail, the sponsors are required to pay $4,000. As most sponsors hold stock options worth millions of dollars so the penalisation does not mean much to them. However, what happens is those who fail examine why their recruit failed and take steps to avoid those mistakes. 2. Jeff Taylor, Founder and CEO of Monster on the importance of having a good time with employees. â€Å"We have a full breakfast bar at our company. We bring in 500 bagels and fresh cut fruit in the morning. We have a gym with a trainer. We have parties once a quarter, where we invite the employees to come and have a good time. † 3. Practice what CEO of SAS, Dr. James Goodnight calls â€Å"Management by Loitering† â€Å"It’s just to be seen walking around and talking to people, and finding out what they’re working on and basically being approachable. You know a lot of things that don’t really come up through the management ranks and some times you find out some very interesting things that people are working on. . 4. Larry Page on automating Performance Tracking at Google. â€Å"We did a simple thing that in retrospect was brilliant: We wrote a program that asks every engineer what they did every week. It sends them an email on Monday, and concatenates the emails together in a document that everyone can read. And it then sends that out to everyone and shames those who did not answer by putting him or her on the top of the list. It has run reliably every week since we started, so forever week of our company’s history we have a record of what everyone did. It’s good for performance reviews, and if you’re joining a project team, in five minutes you can read what your team members did last week or months. † 5. Andy Taylor, Enterprise Rent a Car on Relentless Customer Focus â€Å"So we decided that we had to add some metrics to our customer satisfaction. We created a measurement called ESQi, which is the Enterprise Service Quality index. It’s a statistically valid sample of customers’ opinions taken monthly, at every one of our branches. The customer gets called seven to ten days following the close of the rental. We have an outside company to collect the data, and there are basically two questions. The first asks about the customer’s satisfaction level, with five answers ranging from â€Å"completely satisfied† to â€Å"completely dissatisfied†, and the second asks how likely he would be to return to Enterprise. Beginning in 1996 we told all employees, if you’re not at corporate average or above on your ESQi, your not getting promoted. And all of a sudden, customer satisfaction went to the top of the list. The ESQi has given us a greater sense of urgency and I would consider that the greatest change that has occurred here. The process enables us to go from being a nearly $2 billion business in 1994 to a $7 billion-plus business today. † 6. Staying in touch at Walmart â€Å"At retail giant Walmart, every Monday, members of the senior executive team head out to Walmart stores around the world, where they talk with managers, employees and customers. To ensure that they get a complete picture, they also pay a few visits to competitor’s stores. On Thursday evening, they return to corporate headquarters in Bentonville, Arkansas, armed with new insights about the market and their people. There, they discuss what they’ve seen and heard, thus allowing the organization to modify its strategies. On Saturday thousands of store managers participate in a videoconference and the senior team shares their observations and provides direction for the coming week. Come Monday, They’re on the road again. 7. Take Employee Feedback like IBM IBM held a three-day discussion via the corporate intranet to debate and discuss about the company’s values, the nature of the organisation and what it stood for. The forum dubbed â€Å"ValuesJam† attracted about 50,000 of IBM’s employees and elicited about 10,000 comments about the proposed values. Thus we can see how little innovation in your practices can enhance not only your employee performance but also your organization performance. Basics are always the same, the only thing we can do is bring or use innovative ways to improve your working and efficiency of your employees. References http://www. deloitte. com/dtt/cda/doc/content/us_consulting_hc_dbrief_150606. pdf http://www. specht. com. au/michael/2007/05/16/gen-y-in-the-workforce/ http://resources. greatplacetowork. com/article/pdf/levering_web. pdf http://www. citehr. com AUTHOR – SHALIKA GRACE PHILLIPS, ASSISTANT POFESSOR, LAL BAHADUR SHASTRI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, BAREILLY.

A visit to a bird sanctuary Essay

People often go to visit places of their interest like zoo , hill-stations, sea-shores etc. but our teacher one day made a plan to visit a Bird Sanctuary . It sounded quite thrilling to us because it was a very unusual type of visit . Of late I have been participating in the different nature related activities , quizzes, nature trails, poster competitions , walks , programmes etc. so I got selected for the visit . I was overjoyed and felt on top of the world as it was going to be a completely different experience for us . On 5th November ,2012 at 7 am we were to meet at the school premises from where it was over to our teacher . About after forty minutes drive we were at the â€Å"CHINTAMANI KAR BIRD SANCTUARY† in Narendrapur , Kolkata .It Is one of the most oldest Bird sanctuaries in Kolkata and situated away from the hustle and bustle of the city . As we entered the sanctuary the pristine greenery of the place made us speechless because in cities only we can see the highrise s,malls,multiplexes and lots of vehicles running everywhere . The huge trees , the dense foliage and the silence thrilled us all. We were filled with inquisitiveness and the strong desire to explore . Slowly we were escorted into the sanctuary and then it was never before . Beautiful trees , creepers , canopies, different variety of Butterflies , Moths, Birds ,Squirrels and other beauties of nature greeted us . As we headed inside , we got the glimpses of a Black Drongo , some Red – Vented Bulbuls , a Black –Headed Oreol ,Purple Heron , Common Sparrows , Cormorants etc. Our teacher spotted the common Kingfisher targeting his breakfast delights . The interior of the sanctuary resembled dense forest . After exploring the sanctuary we realised how beautiful nature is and what I had been missing .There was also a small lake which was centrally located . There in the lake were Lesser Whistling Ducks , Pochards and other aquatic birds. Soon it was time to return . We came back to school with the fond memories of the visit . The visit to the sanctuary was not only a new experience for us but also very enriching . Some experiences are like waves which come and pass by but some leave an indelible mark on our minds and my experience of the visit is one of them. I would like to thank our school for providing us such good opportunities and hope to have some more like this in near future.

The US Midterm Elections in the Light of the Tea Party

The US Midterm Elections in the Light of the Tea Party Since the midterm elections which have recently been on the agenda of the United States political life and were promising numerous on-coming changes, it is reasonable to consider the facts which have influenced the result of the elections.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The US Midterm Elections in the Light of the Tea Party specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The influence of the Tea Party which was supporting the Republicans throughout the elections caused the victory of the latter and their obtaining the majority in the House of Representatives. There are certain reasons fro such influence of the Tea Party in the American Parliament, which is going to be the issue of the given research work. However, it cannot be denied that the changes in the mood of the society could be traced and the outcome of the elections could be predicted with more or less strong certainty. The growing influence of the Republicans could not be passed unnoticed, for they were persistent in their attempts to change the existing state of affairs. Amos (2010) claims that By the end of January 2010, the mood had undergone a complete reversal. It was the liberal/socialist in complete disarray. This happened not because of Republican leadership but, it could be argued, as a direct result of Republican hierarchy being in shambles. The people demanded to be heard. Grassroots organizations, led by the Tea Party patriots, would not be silenced and would not allow politicians, or either party, to diminish our inalienable rights or destroy the Constitution of the United States. (p. 80) Regarding the growing influence of the Tea Party movement in the United States, the results of the Midterm elections which have been recently held could be predicted with considerable certainty, since the moods in the government showed clearly that the president and the parliament were aimed at restoring their influence and the reinforcement of t he economical position of the country in the world market, as well as strengthening the position of the country in the world politics. To clarify the issues of the political situation in the United States, it must be explained what a Tea Party is. Since hardly anyone can explain the reasons for the political movement better than its representatives, it would be better to address one of the members of the party to have a better understanding of the subject. Amos (2010) explains the ideas and the views of a Tea Party in the following manner: People who are superficially aware of The Tea Party Patriots, think that we are only â€Å"anti-Obama administration†. No one can pretend to speak for all of the numerous Tea Party groups around the nation, let alone our (15 million or so) members. But the following is fundamental to all of us. We believe in fiscal responsibility, limited government, free markets, respect for our Constitution and the Bill of Rights and a government that ans wers to the people. (81)Advertising Looking for term paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Such statement can mean only that the Tea Party aims at changing Barak Obama’s policy according to their own understanding of the home policy. Aiming at changing the current policy pursued by Obama, the new movement proved to be bordering with extremism, which cannot be used as a good mark for the Tea Party movement. However, in spite of the explicit extremism moves which were undertaken by the Tea Party, it still maintains a good reputation with the population of the United States and its authority does not seem to diminish. Since the conflict in the government of the United States became even more tense and complicated, there was another party created by the conservative part of the American society who were not willing to change the structure of the government so that more than two parties could be repr esented in the parliament. However hard the two parties could oppose each other, sooner or later they will have to face the changes which the government is going to adopt. Whenever the Democrats or the Republicans are going to take their toll on the politics of the United States, there is no doubt that the changes applied will be of crucial importance. And it turned out, the population of the state preferred solid and profound position of the Republicans to the half-baked reasoning of the Democrats. Even with the accusations of racism sounded by Hanks in his project â€Å"The Pacific† (Amos 2010, 91), the Tea Party members managed to maintain that same high level of influence on the population and the government, for the Republicans to win the midterm elections. It could have been that without the support of the Tea Party, the Republicans could have lost the elections to the Democrats. Although the latter did not legitimate the expectations of the parliament and the voters, t he population still could not trust the Republicans and their ideas of the policy that should be conducted. The members of the party were enjoying growing popularity with the citizens of the country. The abovementioned changed the political prognoses in favor of the Tea Party and the ideas which it was promoting, thus, making the way for the Republicans to gain the majority in the parliament. The alternative to the existing foreign and home policy which was spoken about is supposed to come after the midterm elections of 2010. It must be born in mind that the midterm elections should be held to meet the needs which emerge when the new strategy was adopted. Thus, since the USA has been influenced by the unfolding movement of the Tea Party, it was subjected to the necessity to consider the situation from the point of view of the Tea Party and the solutions which it suggests. Different opinions resulted in parliament split, and the Congress was divided in two opposing parts. The situati on could not but have its impact on the Midterm Elections as well, and the considerable strain which had been brewing for several months in the governmental sphere finally erupted with the midterm election results in 2010.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The US Midterm Elections in the Light of the Tea Party specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It was assumed before that the midterm elections could result in the non-beneficial way for the United States. The tension which was growing between the opposing forces was supposed to bring the both parties down since the situation came to the boiling point. The Democrats were highly unlikable to obtain the necessary number of votes to represent the parliament. Their struggle was doomed to fail, even if the Tea Party had never started. Having lost the trust of the voters once, they would not have been able to prove their right and gain the majority of voices to join the Par liament. The tension between the parties resulted in certain problems in holding the midterm elections 2010. As the President’s party, they will obviously face misunderstanding and will not be considered as the optimal candidates to vote for. It was suggested by Adkins that the midterm elections could be harder to hold than they usually do: Colorado’s 4th District is surely near the top of the list of districts that Republicans will be seeking to take back in the 2010 midterm elections. Democrats are liable to face a difficult midterm election nationwide, as the president’s party often does, and the district’s conservative stripes will likely make this a difficult district for the Democrats to defend. (106) The actual result of the midterm elections left much to be desired, since it has shown a sever decline in the economical system of the country and the means of solving economical problems completely out of date and proving to be the worst one throughou t the last few decades. (Watts 2010). The decline can be considered the result of the Tea Party influence, which lowered the Democrats’ standing among the voters and led to the crushing defeat of the Democrats in the struggle for the influence in the Parliament. Unless the Tea Party had not interfered in the elections and the political business, the results of the elections could have been absolutely different. Since the Republicans were not taken as a substitute for the Democrats’ ruling, the outcome of the elections could have been different if the Tea Party had not used its growing authority. Such sad results seem to bring the USA back to the critical state of economical depression which the country already suffered, and the external economical reasons for the U. S. to come to another structure of economical policy evident yet extremely undesirable. As Hirsch (2009) claims,Advertising Looking for term paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Tenth years have the worst record within the Decennial Cycle and 2010 is a midterm election year, which has the second worst record of the 4-year presidential election cycle. (129) However, there are the assumptions that the situation is gradually improving due to the actions which were undertaken by the government. The report on the midterm elections has also testified it. It cannot be predicted with certainty that the improvements are going to take place in the on-coming year, but there have been sufficient evidences to hope for the changes. This is what Hirsch also predicts, regarding the statistics of the past few years: However, the 53,8% Dow Jones industrials bear market decline at press time indicates that the piper has been paid. Prospects for a positive 2010, the first positive tenth year since 1980 are improving. (129) Taking the abovementioned into account, one can claim that the economical situation started to regain stability, owing to the Tea Party and its influence on the political system of the USA. It was claimed that the importance of the decision taken during the midterm elections on November 2, 2010 could not be doubted and that it would mark the course of actions of the economical policy for the next several decades. With the Tea Party influence, the victory if the Republicans could be predicted easily. Since the course of actions of the parliament from this time on will depend on the policy of the Republicans, the state is not going to emulate the economic models which are suggested by other countries, thus keeping the democracy principles instead of adopting the ones that are foreign to the American traditions and political life. The new step undertaken by the government will have the effect on the economics without involving the foreign methods to obtain the desirable result. The United States are determined to keep to their line of conduct regardless of the difficulties that they can face. It must be well noted that the continuous deba tes which have been held on the topic of either adopting the new model of economical behavior or its rejection did not favor the complicated situation in the government. The supporters of the new ideas presented a well-supported argument against the methods which were applied by the government, and the state was split in two parties, which would not agree upon a compromising decision. It is necessary to take into consideration that such conflicts have been encountered not once and that it has been not once that an elaborated political strategy was ejected because of the false assumptions and the predictions based on the unverified information. Thus, it is important to keep in mind that the Federal Government was to face the States’ Rights in a heated debate concerning the nation’s profit and the directions in which the further political steps should be made. With the urge to satisfy the needs of the nation, the Fed was opposing the States’ Rights to eliminate fi nancial instability within the country. Since both sides were mostly preoccupied with the influence which they had on the nation and the subject of their argument was the level of influence which each of them was supposed to share, it could be easily predicted that such debates would not lead anywhere. Trying to reconcile the opponents, Vile (2010) suggests the following interpretation of the political events which took place: Many had, of course, left because of business and personal reasons rather than because they disagreed with the way that proceedings were going. Of those who remained, however, Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts, and Edmund Rudolph and George Mason of Virginia refused to sign. Their concerns about states’ rights and the absence of a bill of rights helped fuel the debate that followed as citizens decided whether to accept this new character of government. (111) With such approach, it becomes clear that the debates as for the economical and personal interests bordering with each other had been boiling up for long time before it erupted as the elections of 2010 were held. The role of the governmental influence must not be diminished as well. Such heated were the debates that the result was suffered through a long track of misconception and arguments directed at the existing system of governing the country and managing the parliament affairs. Thus, the country has already seen the problems concerning misconceptions within the country, which must have influenced the outcome of the elections in 2010. In spite of the fact that the government of the USA knows well the price for the wrong step made in the sphere of politics, the aggravation that might occur in case the USA adopted the policy of another states, the result would have been much more disadvantageous in terms of the international and home policy. It must be admitted that the decision taken by the government in November, 2010 was predetermined by the circumstances and was aimed at a chieving better life standards without sacrificing the national ideas to a dubious economic profit. Reflecting on the choice of the parliament during the midterm elections and the prevailing influence of the Tea Party whose arguments have been considered as the starting point for the future changes and economical reforms, the concept of the Constitution interpretation must be also taken into consideration. Since some of the politics tended to adhere to the strict interpretation of the Constitution, while the others tended to consider the Constitutional postulates taking the expansive interpretation as the starting point for their reasoning, the split was inevitable. As Shultz (2005) says, There are different philosophies and approaches to constitutional interpretation. Otherwise, an individual’s nomination and confirmation to the Supreme Court, especially during the 20th century, has been influenced by and concerned with hi or her judicial philosophy of constitutional interpr etation. One philosophy of constitutional interpretation is strict interpretation. A strict interpretation believes in an interpretation of the Constitution in narrow terms. (103) The split of interests caused stir in the parliament and led to the governmental split, which was not to take place again for the sake of the economical and political stability of the country. Since both parties were preoccupied with the division of powers over the nation, they could not focus on the problem which was crucial for the state and the nation: Justice Scalia claims that winning the conflict with secularists requires people of faith to reaffirm the religiosity that is at the soul of the Constitution. Victory also requires people of faith promoting a strict interpretation of the Constitution, where we would all have to accept, as Justice Scalia writes in Herrera v Collins (1993) that â€Å"there is no basis in text, tradition or even in contemporary practice for finding in the Constitution a rig ht to demand judicial consideration of newly discovered evidence of innocence brought forward after conviction†Ã¢â‚¬  (Rodriguez 2010, 98) Thus, the supporters of the strict reading of Constitution agreed upon the fact that, in order to avoid any misinterpretations of the Constitution, its interpretation should be strict and not be subdued to any subjective evaluations. The point on which the supporters of the strict reading of the Constitution elaborated was dictated by the desire to make the state economical and political system stronger and less influenced by the outer negative factors. However, there were also the people who preferred another point of view on the given problem and could not agree upon the strict reading of the Constitution. The advocates of the expansive interpretation of the Constitution argued upon the fact that the law must be turned into the solid piece of justice which their opponents were aiming to make it. On the contrary, the advocates of the exte nsive interpretation suggested that the Constitution must be flexible so that it could meet the needs of every single citizen of the United States. Employed by Brennan, expansive interpretation of the Constitution mean that the latter becomes â€Å"a tool for advancing civil rights and social justice† (Shultz 2005, 53). The last point from which the Tea Party and the Midterm elections are to be viewed from is the opposition of the weak and the strong federation government, which triggered the appearance of the strict interpretation of the Constitution described above. In the times when the government could not suggest strong support for the state and the security of the nation, the strict interpretation of the Constitution would not allow the state to collapse, keeping it together. This situation has been described by numerous authors, and has left a significant trace in the history of the United States: The idea that the Constitution should be supreme in certain matters stem med from widespread dissatisfaction with the weak federal government that has existed previously under the articles of Confederation adopted in 1781. (Schmidt 2009, 530). It must be also kept in mind that the Federal government could not perform all its duties because of the fact that it was shaken to the core with the crisis which was reigning in those times. The very idea that the situation can occur once again must have made the necessary impression on the current American government so that it could allow the Republican Party to be elected and their principles of conducting the political matters should come into force. Although the crisis has been prevented for so many times and the danger was avoided, the American government still remembers the days when the country was extremely weak and could not engage itself either in politics, or economics. The abovementioned meant that the country was lying in the ashes, and only miracle could save it from complete collapse. Since such mi racle occurred, nowadays the governmental bodies are doing their best to prevent such things from happening. Barak Obama and the Cabinet are claiming that they are going to undertake every measure possible in order to take the country to the top of the political and economical flourishing. Still the policy of Obama needs certain corrections, which the new Cabinet is going to provide soon. Since the president and the parliament display an explicit divergence of opinions, three must be a long way ahead for the home and foreign policy improvement, as well as the solution of the current economical problems. It must be well understood that the new laws and amendments to the Constitution are supposed to be aimed at improvements, for the country needs them now as much as ever. With regard to the current to the existing government it should be mentioned that they have already undertaken the steps to take the country to the top of the economic area. The midterm elections which have been rece ntly carried out will help the country head for the changes which will improve the existing state of affairs. As Watts (2010) said, Midterm elections offer a chance to assess the mood of the country and the president’s chance of re-election. They can inspire or demoralize the person in the White House or his would-be challengers. They can be particularly significant during some presidencies. In November 1994, the Republican scored a convincing victory, capturing both chambers of Congress for the first time of so many years and thereby dealing a blow to the future legislative and other prospects of the Clinton presidency. (195) Thus, it would be logical to suggest that the new state of affairs which the midterm elections have set will result in numerous benefits for the country. The improvements are bound to happen soon, since the changes which the Republicans will bring are going to be centered on enhancing the state’s security and economic stability. Although it is im possible to predict for sure now what processes exactly the new policy will trigger, it can be supposed with sufficient certainty that the new government will focus on the national production and will contribute to the development of the country’s economics in order to represent the products in the world market. Otherwise, there will be very little chance for the USA to remain the world leader in economics and trade. Therefore, it is very important for the United States to maintain the process of the economical growth and avoid being misled on the way to the economic hegemony. Reference List Adkins, Randall E. 2010. Cases in Congressional Campaigns: Incumbents  Playing Defense. New York, NY: Taylor and Francis Randall Adkins, a man of great influence in the political and literature circles in the modern world, suggests in his book his own version of what has happened during the midterm elections in 2008 and provides a deep analysis of the current political situation in the United States. He also makes a prognosis concerning the winner of the on-coming elections and gives a deep insight on the main problems which the government may face afterwards. His idea of the midterm elections is that they should be aimed at improving the current political and economical situation, providing stability in the abovementioned spheres and creating the grounds for the future improvements made for the benefit of the country and its citizens. Amos A. G. 2010. American Revolution 2010: A Tea Party: Patriot’s Call to  Arms. Indianapolis, IN: Dog Ear Publishing. Amos suggests a deep analysis of the movement called A Tea Party and considers its further influence on the country and the political stability. He explains where the given movement roots from and clarifies the multiple issues which the Tea Party covers. In spite of the controversy of the topic, Amos manages to give a precise definition of what the Tea party is and what has caused it to emerge. The author d escribes the main events which the Tea Party has triggered and the steps that have been undertaken by its representatives to make changes to the United States and the political structure of the USA. Explaining the factors which underlie the movement, Amos also provides a fair evaluation of the benefits which the party has brought to the country as well as the losses which the party has caused. A deep and thoughtful analysis adds to the overall impression of the book. Court, Jamie. 2010 The Progressive’s Guide to Raise Hell: How to Win  Grassroots Campaign, Pass Ballot Box Laws, and Get the Change We  Voted for – a Direct Democracy Toolkit. White River Jct., VT: Chelsea Green Publishing. A prolific writer and a perfect analytical thinker, Jamie Court helps the readers to understand the processes that have been going on for a long time in the sphere of politics, namely among the Democrats. With genuine humor and sincerity the author explores the difficult relationshi ps within the parliament and among its members, helping the audience to see what is really going on in the sphere of political life of the United States government. Instead of presenting the facts in a dry and boring way, Court makes his audience feel the very essence of the political atmosphere in the U. S. government. The writer depicts the political structure of the country in the most open and clear way, making people feel as if they had seen the processes described on their own. Hirsch, Jeffrey A., Hirsch, Yale. 2009. Stock Trader’s Almanac 2010. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. In spite of the fact that statistics is one of the spheres where most people start feeling uncertain and unsure, Jeffrey Hirsch provides the statistic data in the most precise way. He observes the events in the political life of the United States to make the rest of the people, who do not belong to the governmental structures, see the reports about the most important political and economical ev ents in the country. The graphs which he draws and the schemes depicting the increase or the decrease in a particular sphere of political life of the American society, he does the work of an utter importance. Thus, the statistic records which he has provided his audience with as for the past decade were of extreme importance for the given work, for they made it possible to observe the situation in the economical and political life in the USA with great accuracy. The results of the midterm elections in 2008 and the prognoses for the 2010 were deep and thorough. Rodriguez, A. 2010. Revisioning Diversity in Communication Studies. Leicester: Troubadour Publishing. A man of much influence in the sphere of political life, Rodriguez helps the readers to clarify several issues concerning the different interpretations of the Constitution which have caused a lot of quarrels in the Parliament. The writer gives a deep and precise analysis of the events which have triggered the split in the Parl iament and the reasons for a different understanding of the Constitution by some of the members of parliament. It is impossible to say that Rodriguez supports any of the parties. He gives a precise description of each of the parties, as well as provides the reasons for them to adhere t this very line of conduct, yet the writer stays cool-blooded and does not tend to support any of the opinions suggested. Schmidt, S. W., et al. 2009. American Government and Politics Today. –  Texas Edition, 2009-2010. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. A prolific modern writer, Schmidt has created a work which can be counted for something that the mankind will value for years. A just and fair analysis of the current political situation in the United States is what the author performs in his book. Giving precise characteristics of each and every event concerning the on-coming midterm elections, the author gives a precise characteristic of the processes in the parliament of the United States, as well as the relationship between the members of the parties and the infrastructure of the U. S. government in general. Shedding the light on the most recent events in the political life of the USA, he makes ordinary people see what is going on in the governmental structure and understand the reasons, the prerequisites and the probable results of the events in question. Shultz, D. 2005. Encyclopedia of the Supreme Court. New York, NY: Infobase Publishing. Shultz is a person who can provide the population with the most precise and certain data on the Supreme Court of the United States. Every single bit of information about the above-mentioned establishment will not pass unnoticed by this encyclopedia. Shultz has gathered all the events which have occurred so far in the Supreme Court and has suggested the work of his to the audience. He has unlocked a lot of secrets of the processes which happen in the Supreme Court and has explained the principles on which the Court’s work is b ased. Making the situation even clearer, the author suggests a look on the Constitution and the way it has been considered through the history of the Supreme Court. Clarifying some issues on the split in reading the ideas of the Constitution, he makes the readers see what has been untold for several years running. Vile, J. R. 2010. A Companion to the United States Constitution and Its  Amendments. Santa-Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. Vile is the person who can tell literally everything concerning the USA Constitution and its interpretations through years. He explains numerous things which have been unknown by the ordinary people for quite long and explains the clue issues about the amendments which have been applied to the Constitution. Also considering the results which have been triggered by the above-mentioned amendments, Vile delivers to the readers completely new information and helps them to see the answers to the multiple questions which may arise as they get acquainted with the id eas of the amendments which have been undertaken by the government. What Vile does is providing the link between the government and the citizens of the country, for the latter to be aware of the political changes that occur in the country. Watts, Duncan. 2010. Dictionary of American Government and Politics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. A great politician and a great writer, Watts has suggested a new book to his audience. With his book, Watts has created the missing link between the government and the population, which is supposed to help to solve several problems which have been brewing for long time between the two. Watts has created a sphere of human’s life where people and the government can find a common language. He has explored the issue of the midterm elections and has suggested several predictions on what will follow the midterm elections in 2010, as well as has suggested his ideas about who is going to win in the elections. A genuine style of his allows Wat ts to write about politics in such a way so that every single person could be interested in the suggested object for discussion. His book has helped to discover several important features of the election process in the USA.